Antimicrobials aminoglycosides

Antimicrobials. Aminoglycosides (neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin), polypeptides (colistimethate sodium, polymyxin B) and perhaps the quinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin) may cause postoperative breathing difficulty if they are instilled into the peritoneal or pleural cavities. It appears that the antibiotics both interfere with the release of acetylcholine and also have a competitive curarelike effect on the acetylcholine receptor. 

Sakairi N, Hayashida M, Kuzuhara H (1987) Synthesis of anew antimicrobial aminoglycoside employing maltose as a key starting material. Tetrahedron Lett 28 2871-2874... 

Antimicrobials Aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, vancomycin Acute interstitial nephritis, tubular cell toxicity, glomerulonephritis... 

White L.O. Reeves D.S. (1983) Enzymatic assay of aminoglycoside antibiotics. In Antibiotics Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity and Resistance (eds A.D. Russell L.B. Quesnel), pp. 199-210. Society for Applied Bacteriology Technical Series No. 18. London Academic Press. 

Nosocomial Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is almost always associated with antimicrobial use therefore, we should avoid unnecessary and inappropriate antibiotic therapy. Almost all antibiotics except aminoglycosides have been associated with CDAD. 

Integration of both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of an agent is important when choosing antimicrobial therapy to ensure efficacy and prevent resistance. Antibiotics may demonstrate concentration-dependent (aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones) or time-depen-dent (/l-1 acta ms) bactericidal effects. 

Absorption of antimicrobial agents, influencing factors, 15 Acidophilin, food preservative, 94,95t Agglutination application, 150 description, 149-150 American foulbrood control oxytetracycline, 36-45 sulfathiazole, 36,37f Amikacin, use in food animals, 19 Aminoglycoside detection, by... 

The aminoacyl side chain of this drug, which is analogous to that of ceftazidime, is responsible for the high activity with respect to Gram-negative aerobic bacteria. The spectrum of use of aztreonam is very similar to the antimicrobial spectrum of aminoglycosides, and in the majority of cases it is a potential replacement. 

Most aminoglycosides are complexes of several almost identical components differing either in the degree of methylation of one amino sugar unit, as in the case of gentamicin, or in the stereochemistry of the disaccharide unit, as in the case of neomycin. Differences in the substitutions on the basic ring structures between the various aminoglycosides account for the relatively minor differences in antimicrobial spectra, patterns of resistance, and toxicity. 

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