Antimicrobial spectra

Elfamycins have similar in vitro antimicrobial spectra and the activity against Moraxe//a, Pasteure//a, Yersinia Haemophilus Streptococcus Corynebacterium and Neisseria appears to be common (2,23,72). Aurodox (1, R = CH ) (2), azdimycin (8), LL-E19020a(ll, R = H, R = COCH2CgH ), LL-E19020p (11,... 

Antimicrobial spectra. In Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, Sande MA, eds. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2005.35th ed. Hyde Park, VT Antimicrobial, Inc. 2005. 

For parenteral therapy, nafciUin and oxacillin offer comparable efficacy and antimicrobial spectra of activity. Although both drugs undergo hepatic metabolism, only nafcillin requires dose adjustment in patients with combined hepatic and renal insufficiency. Other pharmacokinetic data for nafcillin and oxacillin appear in Table 45.1. Indications for nafcillin or oxacillin include severe staphylococcal infections like cellulitis, empyema, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, and toxic shock syndrome. 

Most aminoglycosides are complexes of several almost identical components differing either in the degree of methylation of one amino sugar unit, as in the case of gentamicin, or in the stereochemistry of the disaccharide unit, as in the case of neomycin. Differences in the substitutions on the basic ring structures between the various aminoglycosides account for the relatively minor differences in antimicrobial spectra, patterns of resistance, and toxicity. 

Elfamycins have similar in vitro antimicrobial spectra and the activity against Moraxella. Pasteurella. Yersinia, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Neisseria appears to be common. 

The drug s antimicrobial spectra, including results of in vitro preclinical studies demonstrating concentrations of the drug required for effective use... 

A similar mode of action is characteristic of different penam and cepham-like compounds, which mostly possess common moieties but may exhibit marked differences in antimicrobial spectra and in inhibiting, binding and permeability properties [244-246]. 

The antimicrobial spectra of penicillin G (benzylpeni-cillin) and penicillin V (the phenoxymethyl derivative) are very similar for aerobic Gram-positive microorganisms. However, penicillin G is 5 to 10 times more active against Neisseria spp. that are sensitive to penicillins, and against certain anaerobes. 

Research activity in the macrolide antibiotic class has been intense recently in attempts to reduce side effects and to broaden their antimicrobial spectra. The ketolides are a group of agents that are characterized by oxidation of the 3-position from an alcohol to a ketone. They are active against a significant number of erythromycin-resistant microorganisms. Recent investigation has been intense and a new agent has been introduced. 

Table 11. Antimicrobial Spectra of Morusin, Kuwanons, and Sanggenons... 

I am grateful to Drs. T. Fukai and Y. Hano, and Miss H. Tsubura for their help in preparing the manuscript. I also wish to thank Dr. J. Uno, Chiba University for supplying the unpublished data on antimicrobial spectra. 

Shirata, a., K. Takahashi, M. Takasugi, S. Nagao, S. Ishikawa, S. Ueno, L. Munoz, and T. Masamune Antimicrobial Spectra of the Compounds from Mulberry. Sanshi Shikenjo Hokoku (Bull. Sericul. Exp. Sta.) 28, 793 (1983). 

Cydoheximide (CHX, naramydn A, actidione 1) is one of the most famous antibiotics because of its unique, strong and broad antimicrobial spectra, and has been used as a protein synthesis inhibitor or a fimgicide [1-4], To date, a number of related compounds having a / -substituted glutarimide moiety have been isolated [4], In this chapter, recent works on synthesis of the glu-tarimides are reviewed. 

Shirata A, Takahashi K, Tkkasugi M, Nagao S, Ishikawa S, Ueno S, Munoz L, Masamune T 1983 Antimicrobial spectra of the compounds from mulberry. Sanshi Shikenjo Hokoku 28 793-806... 

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