Antigen particulate, immune response

B cells recognize native or denatured forms of proteins or carbohydrates in soluble, particulate, or cell-bound form. Activated B cells differentiate into plasma cells and produce antibodies, soluble proteins known as immunoglobulins (Ig), that circulate freely and react specifically with the invoking antigen. There are several classes (called isotypes) of Ig molecules—IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, and IgD. IgM is the predominant antibody in the primary immune response (following initial exposure to an antigen). IgG usually appears later, following a primary infection, but is the predominant antibody... 

Particle based adjuvant endow hopeful signs on transporting antigen to immune cells and behaving as stimulators to elicit preventive or therapeutic response. Nevertheless, the wide size distribution of existing polymeric particles has so far masked the immunostimulative effects of particle adjuvant, and compromised the development in pharmacological researches [60], To overcome this obstacle, Yue et al. has conceded out a series of research activities regarding the particulate... 

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