Antifouling activity bromotyrosine derivatives

Other biologically active bromotyrosine-derived metabolites of marine origin include aeroplysinin, Fig. (48) as cytotoxic and tyrosine kinase inhibitor [382,383], fistularin isolated from Aplysina circheri which exhibited antiviral activity [384], and ceratinamides A and B, antifouling metabolites from Pseudoceratina purpurea [385],... 

Bromotyrosine-derived metabolites are often encountered in marine sponges of the families Aplysinidae and Pseudocer-atidae, in particular Pseudoceratina (= Psammaplysilla) purpurea. They show a variety of biological activities, which include antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitory, and antifouling activities. Psammaplysin A (47) is antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifouling, whereas psammaplin A (48) is an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (2). The marine sponge lanthella basta synthesizes at least 25 bastadins that are linear or cyclic peptides composed of four bromotyrosine residues [bastadin 5 (49)] and show antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and enzyme inhibitory activities as well as interaction with Ca + channels (21). 

It has been shown that bromotyrosine-derived metabolites containing oxime substituents display antifouling activities against larval settlement of Balanus improvisus, and these observations were confirmed with synthetic analogs (Ortlepp et al, 2007). 

Ortlepp, S., Sjogren, M., Dahlstrdm, M., Weber, H., Ebel, R., Edrada, RA., Thoms, C., Schupp, P., Bdhlin, L., and Proksch, P. (2007) Antifouling activity of bromotyrosine-derived sponge metabolites and synthetic analogues. Mar. Biotechnol, 9, 776-785. 

---