Antidepressants inhibitors selective serotonin

Opioids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, corticosteroids, dopamine agonists (e.g., amantadine, bromocriptine, levodopa, pergolide, pramipexole, ropinirole), H2-receptor antagonists, anticholinergics (e.g., diphenhydramine, trihexylphenidyl), P-adrenergic blockers, clonidine, methyldopa, carbamazepine, phenytoin, baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, lithium, antidepressants (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors), and interleukin-2... 

Antipsychotics, bromocriptine, carbamazepine, chlorpropamide, cyclophosphamide, desmopressin, ecstasy, lamotrigine, monamine oxidase inhibitors, NSAIDs, oxcarbazepine, oxytocin, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, vasopressin, vinblastine, and vincristine... 

Antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants... 

There are numerous antidepressant medications on the market (table 7.1). Following development of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and several atypical antidepressants (Baldessarini 1996). Successive generations of antidepressants have not necessarily become more effective in treating depression, but rather offer more favorable side-effect profiles—a crucial factor in effective clinical pharmacotherapy. An effective medication is not useful if its side effects are intolerable. 

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors such as paroxetine tend to cause less antimuscarinic side-effects and are less toxic in overdose than the tricylic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline. However, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors are more likely to cause gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea and vomiting, than tricylic antidepressants. Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tricylic antidepressants are equally effective. 

Drugs that may be affected by dexmethylphenidate or racemic methylphenidate include antihypertensive agents, pressor agents, coumarin anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and clonidine. 

NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS ANTIDEPRESSANTS Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors... 

Since IL-6 stimulates Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and antidepressants inhibit the IL-6 production, an inhibiting action of antidepressants on PGE2 would be expected, too (Poliak and Yirmiya, 2002). Over twenty years ago it was suggested that antidepressants inhibit PGE2 (Mtabaji et al., 1977). A recent in-vitro study showed that both tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin inhibitors attenuated cytokine-induced PGE2 and nitric oxide production by inflammatory cells (Yaron et al., 1999). 

We now have at least three major groups of antidepressants cyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and MAO inhibitors. Additionally, stimulants (such as Dexedrine, Ritalin), atypical antidepressants (bupropion and venlafaxine) and buspirone have been used to treat depression. 

When they occur, depressive symptoms should be treated actively using a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and an antidepressant drug. Of the available antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have the most favourable combination of efficacy and side-effect profile for the elderly, regardless of the presence of medical co-morbidities. Although the dual agent venlafaxine has been proposed as an alternative agent for older patients who are either non-responders or partial responders to SSRIs, the frail elderly may be particularly vulnerable to its side effects (Hayes 2004). 

Category Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Half-life 33 hours... 

Trade names Apo-Fluvoxamine Dumirox Dumyrox Faverin Favoxil Fevarin Luvox (Solvay) Maveral Indications Obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression Category Antidepressant Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Half-life 15 hours... 

SSRI Antidepressants. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants decrease REM sleep. This is ascribed to the increase in postsynaptic serotonin levels. Several drugs, including fluoxetine, that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin induce wakefulness during sleep and increase alertness during the day. 

Antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants Antihypertensives felodipine Antibiotics quinolones, isoniazid Bronchodilators albuterol, theophylline Corticosteroids prednisone Dopa agonists levodopa Herbals ma huang, ginseng, ephedra Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen Stimulants amphetamines, methylphenidate, caffeine, cocaine Sympathomimetics pseudoephedrine Thyroid hormones levothyroxine Toxicity anticholinergics, antihistamines, digoxin Withdrawal alcohol, sedatives... 

The first major groups of antidepressant medications are the tricyclics, also known as the TCAs. Discovered in the late 1950s, these drugs are considered the oldest in the treatment of depression and have historically been used as the first line of medication intervention for the treatment of unipolar depression (Austrian, 1995). The side-effect profile that accompanies this group of medications, however, has recently caused them to fall into disfavor. For years, these medications were often considered the first choice for the client who suffers from depressed mood. Today, however, the antidepressant medications known as the selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs), and the selective serotonin norepinephrine inhibitors (SSNRIs) are often considered as the first-line medications. 

A. Classification and Pharmacokinetics The major classes of antidepressant drugs are shown in Figure 30-1 tricyclic antidepressants, heterocyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. 

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