Anticoagulant rodenticides detecting

A number of analytical methods have been reported for detecting anticoagulant rodenticides in various matrices. Early fluorimetric methods were used to detect warfarin in serum (Com and Berberich, 1967 Fasco et al, 1977 Hanna et al, 1978 Reiser and Martin, 1974 Lee et al, 1981 Lewis etfl/., 1970 O Reilly e/n/., 1962 Vesell and Shively, 1974 Welling et al, 1970) and GLC for warfarin (Mildha et al, 1974). 

A recent method uses DAD detection (Yang et al, 2001). An interesting new method uses HPLC to detect anticoagulant rodenticides in soft drinks (Dimuccio et al, 1991). An ion pair liquid chromatography method has been reported to detect chlorophacionone and diphacinone in oats (Primus et al, 1998). 

A cell culture/ELISA assay has recently been developed to detect anticoagulant rodenticides in treated grain (Lawley et al, 2006). A prior immunoassay was developed to detect diphacinone and chlorophacionone (Mount et al, 1988). Enantiomers of warfarin, coumachlor, and coumafuryl can be separated chromatographically (Armstrong et al, 1993). 

Felice, L.J., Murphy, M.J. (1989). The determination of the anticoagulant rodenticide brodifacoum in blood serum by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Anal. Toxicol. 13(4) 229-31. 

Hunter, K. (1983). Determination of coumarin anticoagulant rodenticide residues in animal tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography. II. Fluorescence detection using ion-pair chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 270 277-83. 

Lawley, W.J., Charlton, A.J., Hughson, E.J., Grundy, H.H., Brown, P.M., Jones, A. (2006). Development of a cell culture/ ELISA assay to detect anticoagulant rodenticides and its application to analysis of rodenticide treated grain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54(5) 1588-93. 

Rengel I, Friedrich A (1993) Detection of anticoagulant rodenticides (4-hydroxycoumarins) by thin-layer chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Vet Res Comm 17 421-427... 

A number of analytical methods have been reported for detecting anticoagulant rodenticides in various matrices. Early fluorimetric methods were used to detect warfarin in serum (O Reilly et al., 1962 Corn and Berberich,... 

Warfarin-specific methods were generally inadequate for anticoagulant rodenticides, so a number of other methods were developed. These include thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectroscopy (MS), and antibody-mediated tests. Coumarin anticoagulant rodenticides were initially detected using TLC (Lau-Cam... 

Contemporary confirmatory methods use MS. Most recently, liqrud chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (LC-EIS-MS) has been reported for the analysis of 10 anticoagulant rodenticides with a quantity limit of about 5 pg/L (Grobosch et al., 2006). Other recent methods use LC-MS-MS for unknown drugs, including warfarin (Marquet et al., 2003), and LC-ESTMS and HPLC UV to detect anticoagulant rodenticides as low as 20 ng on a column (Mesmer and Flurer, 2000). One of the earlier MS methods used a direct-probe technique to detect indandione residues in food animals (Braselton et al., 1992). 

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