Anticipated Values

The only case of the formation of Iron Blue through fumigation with hydrogen cyanide, which is fairly well documented, is the case of 

The damage to the building in Bavaria is a typical exception here, since the unheated church, notorious for its humid walls, had been plastered with cement mortar, which is known to remain alkaline for many months, only a few weeks before. These are exactly the conditions which in my view were favorable to the formation of Iron Blue. With increasing setting of the cement plaster over the course of months, the pH value of the masonry in the church finally dropped, so that the final reaction led to the formation of Iron Blue, which is stable for long periods of time. This final reaction of the adsorbed cyanide into Iron Blue was only completed after approximately two years. The prior stage of this reaction, the formation of considerably paler iron cyanides, could already have been completed or well progressed prior to this.520 

A comparison with the probable conditions of the disinfestation chambers and alleged homicidal gas chambers of the Third Reich is quite informative (see Table 24). The following assumes that both installations (tacitly assuming the existence of the homicidal gas chambers ) were put into use more or less immediately after their construc- 

520 Incidentally, all the plaster in the church had be to knocked off the walls and replaced, since there was no other way to get rid of the Iron Blue. Communication from Konrad Fischer, head architect during the renovation of the church at that time. 

Type of plaster Lime + Cement Cement (+lime ) Lime 

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Blending of ionomers with other homopolymers is also one means of enhancing mechanical performance. Frequently, in ionomer/polymer blends, synergistic effects are realized and properties may be significantly increased over anticipated values based on the rule of mixtures. This area of study has not been extensively explored and the probability clearly exists that new materials and new blends, having even a greater degree of property enhancement, will become available in the near future. 

The design of a gas-liquid-solid reactor is very much dependent upon the size of the solid particles chosen for the reaction and the anticipated value of the effectiveness factor is one of the most important considerations. Generally, the smaller the particle size the closer the effectiveness factor will be to unity. Particles smaller than about 1 mm in diameter cannot, however, be used in the form of a fixed bed. There would be problems in supporting a bed of smaller particles the pressure drop would be too great and perhaps, above all, the possibility of the interstices between the particles becoming blocked too troublesome. There may, however, be other good reasons for choosing a fixed-bed type of reactor. 

Mixed Anticipated Value Actual Value Obtained... 

The diverse and multi-component influences of the meta- and para-halogens present a serious challenge to the capabilities of a linear free-energy treatment. Examination of Fig. 26 portraying the effect of a p-fluoro substituent on typical side-chain reactions reveals large, random deviations of the data from a satisfactory linear correlation. The more plentiful results for the p-chloro substituent (Fig. 27) also deviate from the correlation line. In the latter case the displacements from the anticipated values appear to be smaller but this conclusion is obscured by insufficient data. Hence, even for the side-chain... 

Figure 6.16 The Quantitative Biopharmaceutics Classification System (QBCS) utilizes specific cutoff points for drug classification in the solubility-dose ratio (1/0), apparent permeability (Papp) plane. Each class of the QBCS can be characterized on the basis of the anticipated values for the fraction of dose absorbed, Fa and the fraction of dose dissolved, at the end of the dissolution process assuming no interplay between dissolution and uptake. In essence the classification system is static in nature.

Each irrigation lasted for 16 hours. The average percentage of runoff exceeded the maximum anticipated value in 1963 but was slightly less than the minimum value in 1964. 

However, many authors [122-124] assume equality of potentials C = j/ d l ast for low values of surface potentials and low concentrations of electrolyte in the bulk phase. At higher values of the potential and higher concentrations, viscosity close to the surface increases due to the increase of surface concentration. Then, the boundary plane of the mobile layer moves deep into the solution and the anticipated value C is lower than the value IV dl- Both potentials C and ipd are diffuse ones and therefore must be of the same sign and must behave in the same way with the change of electrolyte concentration. 

The anticipated value propositions of the information technology are as follows ... 

Owing to the thermal and photochemical sensitivity of the radicals (Section XXI.A) and, in some cases, the possibility of polymerization at high concentration (Section XXI.B), the data on pure samples are limited. The only magnetic data currently available for 1,3,2,4-dithiadiazolyl radicals are for 3 (R = rBu) at room temperature this compound is a brown liquid, with an effective magnetic moment of 1.5 p,B (87CC69), somewhat less than the anticipated value for a single unpaired electron of 1.73 fiB. Nevertheless, this material can be described as a paramagnetic liquid as it is virtually dissociated in the liquid state (see also Section IX.D). 

Whenever you do calculations such as those in Example 2.2, before even beginning the calculation you should look for an approximation of the value sought. Then do the calculation and see whether you obtain a reasonable number (similar to your anticipated value). In the preceding problem, if the two isotopes have masses of 35 and 37, the atomic mass must lie somewhere between the two extremes. Furthermore, because the majority of a naturally occurring sample is chlorine-35 (about 75%), the value should be closer to 35 than to 37. An analysis of the results often avoids problems stemming from untimely events such as pushing the wrong button on a calculator. 

Tc and "Sr concentrations were determined from a composite rain sample collected in 1975 in Commerce, Texas. The concentrations were 0.75 10 and 1.83 10 Bq/i, respectively, indicating that the "Tc/ "Sr activity ratio of 4 W increased since 1961, when the ratio was 1.8-10" All observed Tc/ "Sr values were larger than the anticipated values from the neutron-induced fission of or which points to... 

On-coIumn silylation of glycols has been discussed, and it should be noted that such silylation may occur adventitiously. VandenHeuvel and Kuron found an m/e value of 366 for a phenolic substance when this was separated by g.l.c., although a value of 294 had been expected. However, when this phenolic compound was injected directly into the mass spectrometer (without prior g.l.c.), the anticipated value of 294 was obtained die discrepancy of 72 mass units was ascribed to on-column silylation,... 

Field tests with the optical interferometer were begun in March 1986 the figures in parentheses in Table 4 are anticipated values. 

A question typically posed by computational chemists is When is equilibration complete There are no hard and fast rules applicable to all cases rather, the answer depends on what properties are of interest. Typically, one proceeds with the simulation and monitors characteristic properties of the system until they are constant or attain anticipated values. At that point, one begins collecting the data of interest (the actual dividing line between the equili-... 

These results were somewhat higher than the anticipated value of 0.26 Btu/hr-ft . Several reasons for this are evident and can be summarized as follows ... 

However, analysis of published data shows that the measured isotopic shift factors for surface hydroxyls substantially deviate from this value. Reported OH and OD frequencies for various materials are summarized in Table 2.24. In most cases, the isotopic shift factor is around 1.356-1.358 and thus smaller than anticipated. For isolated hydroxyls, the factor is almost independent of v(OH) occasionally, a slight decrease with decreasing v(OH) is seen. A few significant deviations from the anticipated value stand out. For convenience, the values of i lower than 1.353 are highlighted by italics in Table 2.24. Most of these low values are associated... 

The fourth column provides some general discussion to do with the step just described. In addition, troubleshooting information can be provided in this column, which can also be used to describe the anticipated response of the system to the action taken. For example, if the instruction is to do with starting a pump, then the response could be that the discharge pressure should be above a certain value, and that the pump motor should be drawing a specified number of amps. If actoal results do not correspond to these anticipated values, the operator knows that he needs to identify the cause of the discrepancy. 

As can be seen from the Table 36.1, the amount of flue gases drastically increases with increasing moisture content. This is due to the evaporated water and the need for higher levels of excess air at higher fuel moisture. The anticipated value of 60% at 65% moisture content is conservative. 

It is important to appreciate that even if a material possess desirable characteristics, as discussed in the previous sections, it may not exhibit the desired efficiency of light energy conversion into electrical energy. For example, in spite of semiconductor and redox electrolyte possessing desired Fermi levels experimentally determined contact potential might be much less than the anticipated value. Presence of surface state is one of the factors responsible to show these deficiencies. Hence, efforts are required to minimize the adverse effects of surface states. 

Cure begins near 75 C and ends just prior to 150 C in the uncatalyzed resin. The temperature range (72°C to 148 u. Figure 2) selected for the evaluation of reaction kinetics was based on FT-IR spectra. These results indicated that the disappearance of styrene, and presumably its copolymerization, begins and ends between these temperatures. Evaluation of the kinetic parameters for gel coat cure yielded a reaction order of 1.56, close to the anticipated value of 1.50, an activation energy of 25.1 kcal/mole and an InA of 28.4. 

A term used in the insurance industry generally defined as the anticipated value of the largest loss that could result from the destruction and the loss of use of property, with the normal functioning of passive protective features (firewalls, a responsive fire department), and proper functioning of most (perhaps not all) active suppression systems (e.g., fire protection sprinklers). This loss estimate is usually smaller than the Maximum Foreseeable Loss, which assumes the failure of all active protective features. Underwriting decisions could be influenced by PML evaluations, and the amount of reinsurance ceded on a risk could be predicated on the PML valuation. See also Maximum Foreseeable Loss (MFL). 

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