Anticipated experimental difference

For coal that is sampled in accordance with standard methods (ASTM D-2234 ASTM D-4596 ASTM D-4916 ASTM D-6315 ASTM D-6518 ISO 13909) and with the standard preparation of the samples for analysis (ASTM D-346 ASTM D-2013), the overall variance of the final analytical data is minimized and falls within the limits of anticipated experimental difference. 

In view of the uncertainties involved, we base our comparison on the average data of (1), and account for the real superheat by specifying the multiple ATp/ATp. Excess pressure corrections will be neglected. Reduced superheat values of various liquefied gases are expected to agree closely provided thermodynamic similitude really exists. However, complete agreement should not be anticipated since differences in molecular structure are reflected in the different T/Tc values at the triple point of various substances. Thus, an extrapolation of (1) beyond its triple point value, or about TjTc 0.6, is not recommended without experimental support. 

In these experiments, it might be anticipated that, with high concentrations of vapour in the air, the rate of evaporation would no longer be linearly related to the partial pressure difference because of the contribution of bulk flow to the mass transfer process (Section 10.2.3), although there is no evidence of this even at mole fractions of vapour at the surface as high as 0.5. Possibly the experimental measurements were nol sufficiently sensitive to detect this effect. 

The experimental conditions, even though under a controlled laboratory environment, are not too different from what may be observed in a closed drum of this material exposed to ambient temperatures for prolonged periods of time. This paper emphasizes that using only the onset of an exotherm as an indication of the point of no return for a reactive chemical system may be insufficient, as pressure may accumulate even at temperatures much lower than the anticipated exotherm. 

Precellular solute ionization dictates membrane permeability dependence on mucosal pH. Therefore, lumenal or cellular events that affect mucosal microclimate pH may alter the membrane transport of ionizable solutes. The mucosal microclimate pH is defined by a region in the neighborhood of the mucosal membrane in which pH is lower than in the lumenal fluid. This is the result of proton secretion by the enterocytes, for which outward diffusion is slowed by intestinal mucus. (In fact, mucosal secretion of any ion coupled with mucus-restricted diffusion will provide an ionic microclimate.) Important differences in solute transport between experimental systems may be due to differences in intestinal ions and mucus secretion. It might be anticipated that microclimate pH effects would be less pronounced in epithelial cell culture (devoid of goblet cells) transport studies than in whole intestinal tissue. 

Fitzgerald et al. (1984) measured pressure fluctuations in an atmospheric fluidized bed combustor and a quarter-scale cold model. The full set of scaling parameters was matched between the beds. The autocorrelation function of the pressure fluctuations was similar for the two beds but not within the 95% confidence levels they had anticipated. The amplitude of the autocorrelation function for the hot combustor was significantly lower than that for the cold model. Also, the experimentally determined time-scaling factor differed from the theoretical value by 24%. They suggested that the differences could be due to electrostatic effects. Particle sphericity and size distribution were not discussed failure to match these could also have influenced the hydrodynamic similarity of the two beds. Bed pressure fluctuations were measured using a single pressure point which, as discussed previously, may not accurately represent the local hydrodynamics within the bed. Similar results were... 

A complicating factor associated with experimental application of the Skell Hypothesis is that triplet carbenes abstract hydrogen atoms from many olefins more rapidly than they add to them. Also, in general, the two cyclopropanes that can be formed are diastereomers, and thus there is no reason to expect that they will be formed from an intermediate with equal efficiency. To allay these problems, stereospecifically deuteriated a-methyl-styrene has been employed as a probe for the multiplicity of the reacting carbene. In this case, one bond formation from the triplet carbene is expected to be rapid since it generates a particularly well-stabilized 1,3-biradical. Also, the two cyclopropane isomers differ only in isotopic substitution and this is anticipated to have only a small effect on the efficiencies of their formation. The expected non-stereospecific reaction of the triplet carbene is shown in (15) and its stereospecific counterpart in (16). 

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