Antibiotics local corticosteroids

In AD increased S. aureus colonization plays a fundamental role therefore, antistaphylococcal therapy is part of a successful management of the disease. Epidermal lipid deficiencies and barrier dysfunction contribute to enhanced S. aureus attachment to the skin and mediate immunological and inflammatory effects including the release of superantigens, additional exotoxins, and exoenzymes, and perhaps bacterial DNA-triggered mechanisms. Therapeutic possibilities include the use of topical antiseptics in cases of microbial-laden atopic eczema, corticosteroids, and specific antibiotic-antiseptic combinations in cases of localized superinfected atopic eczema and systemic antibiotics in cases of generalized superinfected atopic eczema.48... 

When higher concentrations of drugs, particularly corticosteroids and antibiotics, are required in the eye than can be delivered by topical administration, local injections into the periocular tissues can be considered. Periocnlar drug delivery includes subconjunctival, snb-Tenon s, retrobulbar, and peribulbar administration. 

Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. The wound should be cleaned with soap and water tetanus prophylaxis should be administered. Application of ice packs or the topical application of a corticosteroid, antihistamine, or local anesthetics may be useful in relieving symptoms. Severe pain has been treated with injection of a local anesthetic. Antibiotics are reserved for documented infections. 

A review of the cUiotoxicity of other active substances that are used in nasal preparations, including local anaesthetics, antibiotics, antihistamines and corticosteroids can be found in the literature [12]. 

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