Antibiotics griseofulvin

It was a wonderful environment in which to get to know other scientists in different disciplines. I remember particularly the organic chemists who were working on the antibiotic griseofulvin. Some of these were John Grove, Jake Macmillan and Dune (L. A. Duncanson, who was to enjoy a very fruitful collaboration with the inorganic group). There were relevant overtones to our researches, but a fundamental approach was encouraged. 

Zoxamide (1) [3,5-dichloro-N-(3-chloro-l-ethyl-l-methyl-2-oxopropyl)-4-methyl-benzamide, RH-7281, Fig. 16.1.1] was discovered and commercialized by Rohm and Haas Company in 2001 for control of Oomycete pathogens [1], and is now marketed by Dow AgroSciences LLC. The primary markets for zoxamide are late blight on potatoes and downy mildews on vines and vegetables. Inhibitors of microtubule assembly that have been used as fungicides include the benzimidazole (BZ) and thiophanate fungicides such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, the N-phenylcarbamate (NPC) diethofencarb, and the antibiotic griseofulvin. Zoxamide represents the first inhibitor of microtubule assembly to be used commercially for control of Oomycetes. 

Superficial fungal infections can also be treated by internal medication, such as the antibiotic griseofulvin 6.26) which destroys the mitotic spindle (micro-... 

Antifungal, Anthelmintic, and Antiprotozoal Drugs Fig. 2. Polycyclic antibiotics griseofulvin... 

The polycyclic antibiotic, griseofulvin, is derived from Penicillium griseofulvum and is perhaps the most important agent in the systemic treatment of dermatophyte infections (Fig. 2). It is used orally for the treatment of superficial fungal infections of nails, hair, and skin, increasing the resistance of keratin to infection. Side effects of therapy are usually mild most common are nausea, diarrhoea and headaches (Swartz 1962). 

Fig. 4.38 Spirocyclization catalyzed by cytochrome P450 GstF in the biosynthesis of a precursor of the antibiotic griseofulvin showing the probable diradical intermediate involved in the coupling reactions... 

Miscellaneous antibiotics - Griseofulvin. the sideromycins and novobiocin known to affect varied processes in bacteria. can be included in this group. Also to be included are a number of antibiotics such as hadacidin. psicofuranine. tubercidin, toyocamycin. sangivamycin. azasering. diazo-oxo-norleucine (DON), cordycepin and mycophenolic acid known to block biosynthesis of some nucleic acid precursors. ... 

N.B. Discussion on hypothetical formation from various polyketones [1287]. This ketone is the biosynthetic precursor of the antibiotic griseofulvin and the various fungal and lichen xanthones [1287]. It was very unstable and underwent facile cyclization to norlichexanthone (l,3,6-tri-hydroxy-8-methylxanthen-9-one)[1179]. 

Graphon) [43]. Similar isotherms have been reported by Abe and Kuno [44,45] for the adsorption of polyoxyethylated nonylphenols onto carbon and calcium carbonate and by Elworthy and Guthrie [46] for the adsorption of a series of polyoxyethylene non-ionics onto the water-insoluble, antifungal antibiotic, griseofulvin. Other authors have examined the adsorption of polyoxyethylene ethers on paraffin wax [47] and silver iodide particles [48,49]. In general, the plateau region commences at a concentration at or near the CMC. 

Figure 5.2 The hypothesis for the biosynthesis of the antibiotic griseofulvin using sodium [lJ C]acetate. The black dots in the supposed intermediatepolyketide and the product indicate which carbon atoms should be labelled...

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