Anti-inflammatory drugs structure

In the search for new anti-inflammatory drugs structurally derived from indomethacine [147], Pravadoline showed psychotropic side effects in clinical trials. It became apparent that these effects are mediated through the cannabinoid receptor. Optimization of the structure Anally led to WIN-55,212-2 (8.6), which has a higher affinity to the CBl receptor than THC [148]... 

It is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug structurally very similar to tolmetin sodium. It is normally used in mild to moderate pain, ineluding that of musculoskeletal disorders. 

The introduction of a 9a-fluoro substituent increases anti-inflammatory activity, but it increases mineralocor-ticoid activity even more (300x). Fludrocortisone acetate is of little value as an anti-inflammatory, but it is employed as a mineralocorticoid. On the other hand, additional modifications may be employed. Introduction of a 1,2-double bond increases glucocorticoid activity over mineralocorticoid activity, and a 16-methyl group reduces mineralocorticoid activity without affecting glucocorticoid activity. A combination of these three structural modifications gives valuable anti-inflammatory drugs, e.g. betamethasone, with hardly any mineralocorticoid activity. ... 

A number of drugs have been successfully separated using MIPs. Naproxen , (S)-6-methoxy-a-methyl-2-naphthaleneacetic acid, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is administered as the S enantiomer. Naproxen (structure 16.20) will be used to illustrate the MIP sequence. Naproxen has both polar and nonpolar domains. It also has a fused-ring aromatic site. 

A.N. Hata, T.P. Lybrand, L.J. Marnett, R.M. Breyer, Structural determinants of aryla-cetic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs necessary for binding and activation of the prostaglandin D2 receptor CRTH2, Mol. Pharmacol. 67 (2005) 640. 

Some of the popularly used anti-inflammatory drugs, such as paracetamol, are not an NSAID but have analgesic/antipyretic properties. Paracetamol specifically has relatively weak anti-inflammatory activity. Once excreted, it gets reactivated in the environment through some microbially mediated transformation (Henschel et al., 1997). The exact mechanisms by which paracetamol relieves pain are not very clear. It has a chemical structure that resembles several estronegic compounds. 

Fig. 8.6 Chemical structures of commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Many nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of different chemical structures (Fig. 5) have been introduced for the treatment of inflammatory and painful conditions. Many years of clinical experience with these drugs have shown that there is no induction of tolerance or dependence and no respiratory depression as seen with opioids. The major side-effects of these compounds with COX-1 selectivity or balanced COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition are damage to the gastric mucosa, prolongation of bleeding time and renal failure. 

The SFC separation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was investigated by Jagota and Stewart [6]. These compounds vary in chemical structure and functional group chemistry and provide a representative sample of acidic drugs to study. Using a 10-m x 50-fim ID... 

Pfizer s anti inflammatory drug Feldene (used to treat arthritis) is a stable enol based on a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. It also has amide and sulfonamide groups in its structure but you should be able to pick out the enoi part. 

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