Anti-infective principles

In principle, other coenzyme biosynthetic pathways that occur in pathogenic bacteria but not in humans should qualify as anti-infective drug targets with a favorable toxicity profile. Novel anti-infective principles would be highly desirable in light of the rapid spread of resistant pathogens. 

The anhydrous petrolatum base may be made more miscible with water through the use of an anhydrous liquid lanolin derivative. Drugs can be incorporated into such a base in aqueous solution if desired. Poly-oxyl 40 stearate and polyethylene glycol 300 are used in an anti-infective ointment to solubilize the active principle in the base so that the ointment can be sterilized by aseptic filtration. The cosmetic-type bases, such as the oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion bases popular in dermatology, should not be used in the eye, nor should liquid emulsions, owing to the ocular irritation produced by the soaps and surfactants used to form the emulsion. 

Gotte M. Inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcription basic principles of drug action and resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2004 2 707-716. 

Moellering, R. C. (1985) Principles of anti-infective therapy. In Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 2nd ed. (eds G. L. Mandell, R. G. Douglas, Jr, and J. E. Bennett). New York John Wiley c Sons. 

General principles of drug use for groups of drugs, such as anti-infectives, antineoplastics, and ocular drugs, are also provided. 

Sawan, S.P. Manivannan, G. (Eds.). (2000). Antimicrobial/Anti-Infective Materials Principles, Applications and Device, Technomic Publishing Co., ISBN 9781566767941, Lancaster, USA... 

The remarkable success that has been achieved with identification of protective, recombinant antigens against the Taenia and Echinococcus species has been in stark contrast to the general lack of success that has been achieved with vaccine development against other parasitic helminth infections (Dalton and Mulcahy, 2001). Hence, very little direction has been available from the experiences of others on how to translate a laboratory success with an anti-parasite vaccine into a practical (commercial) vaccine. First principles would suggest a host of issues that require investigation/opti-mization, for example ... 

Almost at the same time that sulphanilamide was identified as the active principle of prontosil, Coggeshall (1938a, 1940) found it to be an effective anti-malarial in monkeys infected with P. knowlesi. Shortly thereafter sul-phadiazine and diamino-diphenyl sulphone derivative (Promin) were also found to be effective against P. vivax and, in 1941, Maier and Riley showed that the activity of sulphanilamide against P. gallinaceum could be reversed by pABA. Shortly thereafter it was shown that sulphadiazine was active... 

M D Phaneuf, M J Bide, W C Quist, F W LoGerfo, Merging of Biomedical and Textile Technologies in order to Create Infection-Resistant Prosthetic Vascular Grafts, in Anti-microbial/Anti-irfective Materials Principles, Applications and Devices, Sawan, S.P. and Manivannan, G. (eds), Technomic Publishing, Lancast, PA. 

---