Anti-dandruff

Pierard-Franchimont, C., Uhoda, E., Loussouam, G., Saint Leger, D., and Pierard, G.E. Effect of residence time on the efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoos. Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 25, 267-271... 

Present in very small quantities, it is an anti-oxidant and helps prevent break-down of chromosomes. Its deficiency can cause birth defects. Found in many foods in a balanced diet and also in cereals, mushrooms, garlic, meat and sea foods. It is also a constituent of some anti-dandruff shampoos... 

Selenium sulfide (SeS) In anti-dandruff shampoos and in veterinary medicine... 

Drinking chaparral tea may result in exposure to wood creosote by swallowing. If you drink chaparral tea you may expose your children. Creosote is also found in coal tar shampoos used for anti-dandruff therapy, in coal tar ointments used for treatment of eczematous dermatitis and in mineral coal tar for the treatment of psoriasis. You may expose your children to creosote if... 

Shugo, M. (1979) Anti-dandruff and anti-itching shampoo. Japanese Patent 79 36306, March 17. 

Stepan Tab-2. [Stepan] Di(hydro-genated) tallow phthalic acid amide emulsifier, suspending agent for conditioning and anti-dandruff ShanqK)os. 

Lamepon UD Protein undecylenic acid condensate, potass, salt (Potassium Undecylenoyl Hydrolyzed Collagen) 31.5-32.5 In combination with active agents to support anti-dandruff action through mild fungicidal effect of the undecylenic acid... 

Chloropyridine serves as a raw material in the production of pyridine-thiones these are manufactured by the reaction of chloropyridine with H2O2 or other peroxides, followed by a nucleophilic reaction of the N-oxide with sodium hydrogen sulfide to produce the thiol. The zinc salt is used as an active ingredient (anti-dandruff agent) in hair shampoos. 

Therapeutic effect Dry hair Greasy hair Anti dandruff Pearlescent effect Thickening... 

The sodium salt of N-hydroxy-2-pyridinethiones has a germicidal activity againts yeasts and fungi. Sodium omadine is a 40% aqueous solution of sodium pyrithione. It is used in the metallurgical industry as a component of water-based metalwork fluids, of aceto-polyvinyl lattices, water-based printer s ink, lubricant for synthetic fibers and anti-dandruff shampoos. A case was reported in a metallurgic worker. 

Due to the biological role of selenium (see below), the element is used in pharmaceutical applications, as a supplementary additive for grazing ground and as an additive in anti-dandruff shampoos. 

In shampoo, natural thickeners such as xanthan gum can be used as a suspending agent for active ingredients such as zinc pyrithione used in anti-dandruff formulations. Xanthan gum is a negatively charged polymer and so care has to be taken with the formulation since it is incompatible with cationic surfactants. Guar gums modified to be cationic are also used and have improved compatibility with the cationic surfactants. 

Electrolytes, alkanolamides and cellulose derivatives are used as thickening agents. To prevent skin drying, humectants (polyalcohols and glycerin) and refatting substances (oils) are used. Preservatives, plant extracts, anti-dandruff agents, pearlescent, fragrances and colours are variously added as supplementary raw materials. 

Anti-dandruff agents. Zinc pyrithion [II, 13.1.3b.], piroctone olamine (l-hydroxy-4-methyl-6-(2,4,4-trimethyl-pentyl)-2(lH)-pyridon-ethanolamine salt) [II, 13.1.2.] and salicylic acid [II, 8.1.10.] are the commonly used anti-dandruff additives. 

Many products may qualify both as cosmetics and as OTC drags when they have two intended uses. For instanee, a shampoo is a cosmetic, since its intended use is to cleanse the hair. An anti-dandruff treatment is a drug, since its intended use is to treat dandruff. Consequently, an anti-dandruff shampoo is both a cosmetic and a drug. Huoride-containing toothpastes, deodorants that are also anti-perspirants, moisturizers and make-up products with sunscreen claims are other examples of cosmetic/drag combinations (FDA, 2002). 

Level 1 cosmetics include those with a minimal safety risk, while Level 2 cosmetics might present potential risk and include, for example, anti-dandruff preparations, anti-caries toothpastes, deodorants, anti-perspirants, anti-wrinkle products, sunscreens, hair dyes, hair bleaching, permanent waving products, nail hardeners and all baby products. 

Moreover, as mentioned in Section 1.1, different products considered as cosmetics in the EU are considered as OTC drugs in US. These include anti-perspirants, sunscreens, anti-caries toothpastes, anti-dandruff and anti-seborrheic products among others. For each of these product types, FDA has published in 21 CFR parts from 350 to 360 a monograph containing positive lists of the active ingredients that can be employed. 

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