Anthraquinone, 2,3-dimethyl

Aniline, -sulfonylbis-, 22, 31 Anthracene, 20, 11 9-Anthraldehyde, 20,11 Anthranilic acid, 21, 10 Anthraquinone, 2,3-dimethyl-, 22, 37 Antioxidant, 20, 65 Apparatus... 

SuIfona.tlon, Sulfonation is a common reaction with dialkyl sulfates, either by slow decomposition on heating with the release of SO or by attack at the sulfur end of the O—S bond (63). Reaction products are usually the dimethyl ether, methanol, sulfonic acid, and methyl sulfonates, corresponding to both routes. Reactive aromatics are commonly those with higher reactivity to electrophilic substitution at temperatures > 100° C. Tn phenylamine, diphenylmethylamine, anisole, and diphenyl ether exhibit ring sulfonation at 150—160°C, 140°C, 155—160°C, and 180—190°C, respectively, but diphenyl ketone and benzyl methyl ether do not react up to 190°C. Diphenyl amine methylates and then sulfonates. Catalysis of sulfonation of anthraquinone by dimethyl sulfate occurs with thaHium(III) oxide or mercury(II) oxide at 170°C. Alkyl interchange also gives sulfation. 

Dichloro-2-N-octyl-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methylthio-4-tert-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-S-triazine or N,N-dimethyl-N -phenyl-N -fluorodichloromethylthio)sulfamide Anthraquinones Free halogen sources with 5,5-dimethylhydantoin,... 

Dichloro-2,2 -dimethyl-1,1 -dianthraquinonyl can be synthesized by Friedel-Crafts reaction from phthalic anhydride and 2,6-dichlorotoluene. Subsequent cyclization of the resulting substituted benzoylbenzoic acid 102 in sulfuric acid affords the corresponding anthraquinone derivative 103, which is dimerized by Ullmann reaction ... 

The kinetics of removal of iron(III) from its complexes with the aminocarboxylate-anthraquinone analytical reagent calcein and with the antitumor anthracycline doxorubicin by l,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (LI, (251) with R = R = Me) have been monitored. Rate constants for metal removal are almost independent of the concentration of the replacing ligand, indicating dissociative mechanisms they are approximately 1 x 10 s for displacement from doxorubin and between 12 x 10 s and 2 x 10 s from calcein. 

Rhodium(II) acetate catalyzes C—H insertion, olefin addition, heteroatom-H insertion, and ylide formation of a-diazocarbonyls via a rhodium carbenoid species (144—147). Intramolecular cyclopentane formation via C—H insertion occurs with retention of stereochemistry (143). Chiral rhodium (TT) carboxamides catalyze enantioselective cyclopropanation and intramolecular C—N insertions of CC-diazoketones (148). Other reactions catalyzed by rhodium complexes include double-bond migration (140), hydrogenation of aromatic aldehydes and ketones to hydrocarbons (150), homologation of esters (151), carbonylation of formaldehyde (152) and amines (140), reductive carbonylation of dimethyl ether or methyl acetate to 1,1-diacetoxy ethane (153), decarbonylation of aldehydes (140), water gas shift reaction (69,154), C—C skeletal rearrangements (132,140), oxidation of olefins to ketones (155) and aldehydes (156), and oxidation of substituted anthracenes to anthraquinones (157). Rhodium-catalyzed hydrosilation of olefins, alkynes, carbonyls, alcohols, and imines is facile and may also be accomplished enantioselectively (140). Rhodium complexes are moderately active alkene and alkyne polymerization catalysts (140). In some cases polymer-supported versions of homogeneous rhodium catalysts have improved activity, compared to their homogenous counterparts. This is the case for the conversion of alkenes direcdy to alcohols under oxo conditions by rhodium—amine polymer catalysts... 

Fig. 4. UV grafting of acrylonitrile to cellulose film in dimethyl formamide solution with 10% water and 0.01 M 2,7 anthraquinone sodium disulfonate (112). — in air, C —in vacuo...

Figure 29.17 Simulation results showing the fraction of the total current at each of 25 segments of the working electrode at different times during the constant-current electrolysis of 2.5 mAf anthraquinone and in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium iodide-dimethyl-formamide solution. Total current 100 / A electrode dimensions 0.5 cm x 3 cm flat cell dimensions 0.5 cm x 0.9 cm x 3 cm.

Arylcyanomethyl-9,10-anthraquinones (II) were obtained by the interaction of the corresponding anthraquinone derivatives with phenylacetonitrile and penta-fluorophenylacetonitrile in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of a base.36... 

The transformation of the diketothiocane 4 (Section 14.03.9.4) into a thiocine derivative could be achieved by the electrical reduction of both keto functions in 4. The cyclic voltagrams (GV) of 4 in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) show two reversible half-wave reduction potentials ( 1/2 = —0.78 V, 2 i/2 = —1.17 V) and a little difference between two potentials compared with those of anthraquinone was observed, indicating greater stability of the radical anion 13 and dianion 14 in Scheme 4 than corresponding species of anthraquinone <2001H(54)159>. 

Continuous irradiation at 400 nm of a solution of [Ru(bipy)3p and PhCHjS in dry oxygen-free MeCN has been observed to give a quantitative yield of [Ru(bipy)3]. In the presence of BU4NQO4, this same system can act as a two-compartment cell if coupled with the reduction of a weak electron-acceptor such as 9,10-anthraquinone, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, or 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone. The temperature dependence of the reductive quenching of electronically excited [RuLj] (where L = bipy or 4,7-dimethyl-l,10-phenanthroline) by aromatic amines in MeOH has been studied and fitted by theoretical expressions. Activation parameters for a series of quenching reac-... 

Fredrickson3 has formulated expressions for the concentration depolarization of fluorescence in the presence of molecular rotation. A theoretical examination of diffusion influenced fluorescence quenching by nearest possible quenching neighbours in liquids has been made35. A modified version of Smoluchowski - Collins - Kimball formulation of the Stern - Volmer equations has been matched with experimental data for quenching of anthraquinone derivatives by N,N-dimethyl- -toluidine. Another paper discusses this work on the basis of the kinetics of partly diffusion controlled reactions3 . 

Figure 30-19 Effect of solvent variation on chromatograms. Analytes (1) 9,10-anthraquinone (2) 2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (3) 2-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (4) l,4-dimethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (5) 2-t-butyl-9.10-anthraquinone.

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