Anthelmintics resistance

Sangster, N.C. (1999) Anthelmintic resistance past, present and future. InternationalJournal for Parasitology 29, 115-124. 

Oesophagostomum dentatum as a Model Nematode for Anthelmintic Resistance... 

Our working hypothesis is that subunit stoichiometry or changes in the structure of individual receptor subunits give rise to the different conductance subtypes and that phosphorylation by the different kinase enzymes has major effects on the P-open values of the receptor. Should the hypothesis hold, then alterations in the phosphorylation state of the receptor by the different kinase enzymes may (as stated earlier) be important in the development of anthelmintic resistance. 

This chapter has introduced the membrane ion channels and electro-physiological techniques that may be used for exploring the actions and properties of an important group of anthelmintics. It can be seen that these electrophysiological techniques can be used to explore the mechanisms of anthelmintic resistance. It is hoped that in the future new pharmacological approaches may be produced that can reverse the resistance, perhaps by interfering with the phosphorylation of the ion channels. 

Within cattle breeds, there is genetic variation in terms of resistance to GIN infection and the heritability is great enough to enable successful selection for GIN resistance (Gasbarre and Miller, 2000). Since anthelmintic resistance is not a major issue in bovine GIN and grazing management measures are effective in reducing GIN infections in cattle, the establishment of a selection... 

Cawthome, R. J. and Cheong, F. H. (1984). Prevalence of anthelmintic resistant nematodes in sheep in south-east England . Veterinary Record, 114(23), 562-4. 

Van Wyk, J. A. (2001). Refugia-overlooked as perhaps the most potent factor concerning the development of anthelmintic resistance . Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 68, 55-67. 

Waller, P.J. and Buchmann, K. (2001) Anthelmintic resistance and parasite control in commercial eel farms consequences for producers. Veterinary Record 148, 783-784. 

Coles, C.C. (2003) Strategies to minimise anthelmintic resistance in large animal practice. In Practice 25, 494-499. 

Coles, C.C. (2005) Anthelmintic resistance - looking to the future a UK perspective. Research in Veterinary Science 78, 99-1 08. 

Stafford, K. and Coles, G.C. (1999) Nematode control practices and anthelmintic resistance in dairy calves in the south west of England. Veterinary Record 144, 659-661. 

Although the consensus is that discrete drug classes should be used in a slow (annual) rotational basis in order to delay the selection for anthelmintic resistance (Herd Coles 1995), this issue remains unresolved and contentious. In field situations where multiple parasite species... 

Lloyd S, Smith J, Connan R M et al 2000 Parasite control methods used by horse owners factors predisposing to the development of anthelmintic resistance in nemotodes. Veterinary Record 146 487-492 Love S, Murphy D, Mellor D 1999 Pathogenicity of cyathostome infection. Veterinary Parasitology 85 113-122... 

Pook J F, Power M L, Sangster N C et al 2002 Evaluation of tests for anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes. Veterinary Parasitology 106 331-343 Prichard R K, Hennessy D R, Steel J W 1978 Prolonged administration a new concept for increasing the spectrum of effectiveness of anthelmintics. Veterinary Parasitoiogy 4 309-315... 

Sangster N C 1999 Pharmacology of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes will it occur with the avermectin millbemycins. Veterinary Parasitology 85 189-204 Tarigo-Martinie J L, Wyatt A R, Kaplan R M 2001 Prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance In cyathostomes in horses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 218 1957-1960 Taylor S M, Kenny J 1995 Comparison of moxidectin with ivermectin and pyrantel embonate for reduction of faecal egg count in horses. Veterinary Record 137 516-518 Uhlinger C 1990 Effects of three anthelmintic schedules on the incidence of coiic in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 22 251-254... 

Geerts S, Gryseels B. Anthelmintic resistance in human helminths a review. Tropical Med Int Health 2001 11(6) 915-21. 

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