Anthelmintica

Githiori, J. B., Hoglund, J. Waller, P. J. and Baker, R. L. (2003). The anthelmintic efficacy of the plant, Albizia anthelmintica, against the nematode parasites Haemonchus contortus of sheep and Heligmosomoides poly gyrus of mice . Veterinary Parasitology, 116(1), 23-34. 

China Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre II. castaneus H. F. Th. Hydnocarpus oil, hynocarpic acid, chaulmoogric acid, gorlic acid.33 Anthelmintic. 

Valeriana altemifolia, V. amurensis, V. fauriei, V subbipinnatifolia Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, H. castaneus Piper nigrum... 

Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, H. castaneus Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea macrophylla Aquilaria agallocha, A. sinensis... 

Vernodalin (eudesmanolide Vernonia amygdalina, V. anthelmintica, V. guinensis (Asteraceae) Insect antifeedant... 

Vemolic acid (or c -12,13-epoxy-octadec-cA-9-enoic acid) (Fig. 6) was the hrst naturally occurring epoxy fatty acid isolated from the seed oil of Vernonia anthelmintica. It is also found in several Compositae, Malvaceae, and Euphorbiaceae species in signihcant amounts. Other epoxy acids include... 

Seed oils also contain potentially useful fatty acids that have not been introduced into commerce because the plant has not yet been adapted to large-scale planting. Examples of such plants include Vernonia anthelmintica and Euphorbia lagascae,... 

In traditional practice, the pulp is applied on inflammations, is used in a gargle for sore throat and, mixed with salt, as a cream for rheumatism. It is, further, administered to alleviate srmstroke, Datura poisoning, and alcoholic intoxication. In southeast Asia, the frait is prescribed to counteract the ill effects of overdoses of false chaulmoogra, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, given in leprosy. In Colombia, an ointment made of tamarind pulp, butter, and other ingredients is used to rid domestic animals of vermin (8). 

Southeast Asia counteraction of ill effects of overdoses of chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus anthelmintica Pierre), given to threat leprosy (3)... 

F. D. Gimstone, Fatty acids. Part IL The nature of the oxygenated acid present in Vernonia anthelmintica (Willd.) seed oil, J. Chem. Soc. (1954) 1611. 

Kamala obtained from Mallotus philippinensis, and Kousso obtained from Hagenia abyssinica (= Brayera anthelmintica) also show activity against tapeworms infecting man and animals. The extracts of these plants contain phloroglucinols very similar to those present in male fern. The active principle of kamala is rottlerine 23 [46-48], while kousso contains a mixture of a- and P-kosins (24a,b) [49,50]. 

Benomyl and the other benzimidazole fungicides are toxic to earthworms (Stringer and Wright, 1973) and may seriously disturb the earthworm population, for instance, in orchards, so that the leaf litter is not removed. Some benzimidazole fungicides (thiabendazole and mebendazole) may be used as anthelmintica. 

Protokosin. From dried flowers of Hagenia abys-sinica J. J. Gmel. (Brayera anthelmintica Kunth.), Rosaceae. lsoln Leichsenring, Arch. Pharm. 232, 58 (1894) Lobeck, ibid. 239, 682 (1901) Hems, Todd, J. Chem. Soc. 1937, 562. Structural studies Birch, Todd, ibid. 1952, 3102 Orth,... 

Acacias are quite useful for ulceration in any part of the gastrointestinal tract and for excessive mucus, catarrh, diarrhea, dysentery, gum infection, and hemorrhage. Though rarely used for parasitic infestation in the United States, they are common for that use in other cultures. One species. Acacia anthelmintica, is specific for worms in Abyssinia another, A. nilotica, is specific for malaria in Nigeria and another, A. polyacantha, is specific for malaria in Tanzania. They share a common use throughout the world for amebic dysentery. 

C.jHjjO, Mr 296.45, mp. 32.5 °C, [alg +2.03° (hexane), soluble in organic solvents. V. occurs in large amounts (60- 80%) as glycerol esters in the seed oils of Vemonia anthelmintica and V. galamensis (Astera-ceae) as well as Euphorbia lagascae (Euphorbiaceae). V. and other epoxy fatty acids are toxic compounds ... 

The best known and most widely occurring of the natural epoxy acids is vernolic acid (12,13-epoxyoleic) which is present in the seed lipids of several different plant families. Rich sources of the acid include the seed oils of Vernonia anthelmintica (72%) in which it was first discovered, Cephalocroton cor-dofanus (62%) Euphorbia lagascae (57-62%), Er-langea tomentosa (52%), Crepis aurea (52-54%) and Crepis biennis (68%). Crepis oils are of interest in that some contain vernolic acid, others contain cre-penynic acid, and yet others contain both these acids even though there is no accepted biosynthetic relationship between the two. Most samples of vernolic acid are the (-1-) isomer but seed oils of the Malvaceae contain the (—) isomer. 

Vernonia oil (Indian iron weed, purple fleabane, Vernonia anthelmintica, Compositae)... 

Other species of Vernonia have been studied (Osman and Ahmad, 1981 Carlson et aL, 1981) and V. roxburghii (75.2% epoxy content) and V. galamensis (72-78% vernolic acid) have been proposed as being more commercially attractive than V. anthelmintica as sources of epoxy acids. V. galamensis seed oil has been studied in some detail (Carlson et ai, 1981). High enzymic activity was noted in many seeds and the enzyme has to be inactivated before the oil is extracted. Encouraging results were obtained when the oil was evaluated as an epoxy coating. 

Triglyceride from seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica. Mp 25 . [a]2 5+2.01 (hexane). 

A lipase with an alkaline (pH 7.5) optimum has been identified in seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica, an oil seed in which a major storage lipid is triver-nolin (tri-12,13-epoxyoleoylglycerol). The partially purified enzyme has a high MW and can attack both primary and secondary ester bonds in the glyc-erolipid and does not distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (Olney et [Pg.90]

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