Anomaly position

Certainly the most prominent feature of the breakdown process is its dependence on the polarity of the electric field relative to the shock-velocity vector. This effect is manifest in current pulse anomalies from minus-x orientation samples or positively oriented samples subjected to short-pulse loading (see Fig. 4.8). The individual effects of stress and electric field may be delineated with short-pulse loadings in which fields can be varied by utilizing stress pulses of various durations [72G03]. 

The anomalous behavior of quinazoline was first discovered by Albert et who made the surprising observation that 4-methyl-quinazoline 2.5) was a weaker base than quinazoline (pA 3.5). Mason then observed that the ultraviolet spectrum of the quinazoline cation was abnormal but that the spectrum of 4-methylquin-azoline was normal (see Fig. 2). These anomalies led to the suggestion that water adds covalently to the cation of quinazoline to give 12 (R = H). The occurrence and position of hydration were confirmed by a detailed study of the ultraviolet and infrared spectra of the anhydrous and hydrated hydrochlorides and by mild oxidation of the cation to 4(3 )-quinazolinone. Using the rapid-reaction technique (the continuous-flow method), the spectrum of the unstable... 

For reasons discussed in Section VI, a survey of the purine series (29) is being made in this Department, but so far no example (including 2-hydroxy- and 8-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxy-purine) of covalent hydration has come to light. An examination of ionization constants disclosed no apparent anomalies, although the interpretation is made more difficult by the ease of anion formation in the 9-position, which often competes with that from other anionic substituents. The only abnormal spectrum seems to be that of the anion of 2-mercaptopurine which is being further examined. 

An interesting anomaly is a//-rra j-l,2,3,4,5,6-hexaisopropylcyclohexane, in which the six isopropyl groups prefer the axial position, although the six ethyl groups of the corresponding hexaethyl compound prefer the equatorial position. The alkyl groups of these compounds can of course only be all axial or all equatorial, and it is likely that the molecule prefers the all-axial conformation because of unavoidable strain in the other conformation. 

Pregnant females were sacrificed by carbon dioxide anesthesia on day 21 of gestation the uterine horns were exteriorized through a midline incision in the abdominal wall, and the number and position of live, dead, and resorbed fetuses were noted. After being weighed and sexed, the fetuses were examined for external anomalies the crown-rump length was measured with a vernier caliper. Half of each litter was preserved in Bouin s solution and later examined for soft tissue anomalies (16) the other half was preserved in alcohol, cleared and stained with Alizarin red-S, and examined for skeletal abnormalities (2). 

The measured field consists of two parts one of them gu, caused by masses of a body, which has to be found (anomaly) this is usually called the useful signal. The other part, is due to masses surrounding the body as well as due to changes of the position of the observation point with respect to the earth s center and it represents a noise. Thus, the measured field is a sum ... 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for barite, Kuroko ores, ferruginous chert (tet-susekiei), and hydrothermally altered basaltic and dacitic rocks overlying the Kuroko ores. 

Negative Ce anomaly and positive Eu anomaly are observed for epidote-rich altered basalt near the orebody. 

The REE pattern for fresh volcanic rocks in the Kuroko mine area studied by Dudas et al. (1983) is shown in Fig. 1.47 which shows no negative Ce and no positive Eu anomalies and FREE (Light Rare Earth Element) are not enriched compared with HREE... 

Heavy Rare Earth Element). Therefore, it is considered that negative Ce and positive Eu anomalies in hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks, Kuroko ores, and ferruginous chert and LREE enrichment in the Kuroko ores have been caused by hydrothermal alteration and precipitations of minerals from hydrothermal solution responsible for sulfides-sulfate (barite) mineralization. 

Positive Eu anomaly is observed for hydrothermal solution issuing from the hydrothermal vent on the seawater at East Pacific Rise (Bence, 1983 Michard et al., 1983 Michard and AlbarMe, 1986). Guichard et al. (1979) have shown that the continental hydrothermal barites have a positive Eu anomaly, indicating a relatively reduced environment. Graf (1977) has shown that massive sulfide deposits and associated rocks from the Bathurst-Newcastle district. New Brunswick have positive Eu anomalies. These data are compatible with positive Eu anomaly of altered basaltic rocks, ferruginous chert and Kuroko ores in Kuroko mine area having positive Eu anomaly and strongly support that Eu is present as divalent state in hydrothermal solution responsible for the hydrothermal alteration and Kuroko mineralization. 

The REE characterics of calcite from the Au-Ag type are variable. For example, calcites from Sado Au-Ag vein, one of the largest Au-Ag deposits in Japan have both signatures of meteric water and magmatic (or igneous) contributions. Positive Eu anomaly is only found in caleite containing low REE from Au-Ag type (Seigoshi deposit) (Shikazono, unpublished). 

Nishikurosawa Formation is characterized by Eu positive anomaly which is calculated by the following equation ... 

The REE pattern for the Nishikurosawa exhibits slightly light REE enriched one (La/Yb = 0.55 0.09) and plots elose to the line of NASC normalized value = 1. Positive Ce anomaly is also found in the Nishikurosawa. This anomaly is defined by the following equation. 

Hydrothermal solution venting from midocean ridges and back-arc basins has positive Eu anomaly (Klinkhammer et al., 1983 Miehard et al., 1983 Mitra, 1994 Shikazono, 1999a) (Fig. 1.158). Therefore, the positive Eu anomaly of the sedimentary rocks is thought to be due to a contribution of hydrothermal solution. In order to know the contribution of hydrothermal solution the positive Eu anomaly of seawater (Eu/Eujg gjgj.) is useful. 

A few REE data on hydrothermal solutions are available (Fig. 2.34). Chondrite normalized REE patterns of hydrothermal solutions from Vienna Wood, Pacmanus and Desmos, Manus Basin exhibit positive Eu anomaly and LREE enrichment are similar to midoceanic ridge solution and Kuroko ore fluids. This positive Eu anomaly (Fig. 2.35) may have been caused by the selective leaking of Eu due to the interaction of an ascending hydrothermal solution and footwall volcanic rocks (Gena et al., 2001). It is interesting to note that altered basaltic andesite has a negative Eu anomaly and this feature is the same as that found in the Kuroko mine area (Shikazono, 1999). 

Ernest Rutherfords proposed atomic structure added to the problems posed to nineteenth century physics by the ultraviolet catastrophe and the photoelectric effect. Rutherfords atom had a negatively charged electron circling a positively charged nucleus. The physics of the day predicted that the atom would emit radiation, causing the electron to lose energy and spiral down into the nucleus. Theory predicted that Rutherfords atom could not exist. Clearly, science needed new ideas to explain these three anomalies. 

Results of preliminary experiments showed that only root tip cells of V. faba, A. cepa, P. sativum and T. turgidum responded positively to the Feulgen procedure (Table 4), with an evident appearance of MN and ATT anomalies (Fig. 1), which were more abundant in V. faba than in P. sativum (Fig. 2). The other plant species examined yielded a poor staining of the nuclear material, thus discouraging their use in successive experiments. 

Some apparent anomalies in Table XII are the divergent results of reactions 1 and 4. In reaction 1 the alkyl sodium was generated in situ and the difference in the result may be due to the reaction of something other than the alkyl sodium. The exclusively meta dimetallation reported for reaction 4 is also anomalous since a purely inductive deactivation of the ring should give at least some of the para isomer. Another anomaly is the meta orientation in reaction 8. The nitrogen of triphenylamine is not very basic, however, and might not participate in the special mechanism proposed for reaction at the ortho position. 

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