Anomalous fluctuation

These regions provoke anomalous fluctuations of density and entropy, from which, at least at a qualitative level, an explanation can be derived for the increase of the isothermal compressibility and specific heat in the metastable region. 

Experiments on Wien-bridge oscillators showed such anomalous fluctuations to exhibit a variance proportional — where /3 is the reaction factor and the corresponding threshold value. The relaxation time... 

Fig. 5.10 Anomalous fluctuation near the instability point I t) denotes the most probable path or deterministic motion y t) and D [y t)] is the variance of the order parameter.

Suzuki, M. (1976b). Scaling theory of nonequilibrium systems near the instability point. II. Anomalous fluctuation theorems in the extensive region. Progr. Theor. Phys., 56, 477-... 

In order to illustrate the potential applications of rheo-NMR five examples have been chosen. The first example deals with wormlike micelles [22] in which NMR velocim-etry is used to profile anomalous deformational flow and deuterium NMR spectroscopy is used to determine micellar ordering in the flow. The second example concerns flow in a soft glassy material comprising a solution of intermittently jammed star polymers [23], a system in which flow fluctuations are apparent. The third... 

Thus, the model predicts that thermal fluctuations in the tilt and curvature change the way that the tubule radius scales with chiral elastic constant— instead of r oc (THp) 1, the scaling has an anomalous, temperature-dependent exponent. This anomalous exponent might be detectable in the scaling of tubule radius as a function of enantiomeric excess in a mixture of enantiomers or as a function of chiral fraction in a chiral-achiral mixture. 

Ludwig s (2001) review discusses water clusters and water cluster models. One of the water clusters discussed by Ludwig is the icosahedral cluster developed by Chaplin (1999). A fluctuating network of water molecules, with local icosahedral symmetry, was proposed by Chaplin (1999) it contains, when complete, 280 fully hydrogen-bonded water molecules. This structure allows explanation of a number of the anomalous properties of water, including its temperature-density and pressure-viscosity behaviors, the radial distribution pattern, the change in water properties on supercooling, and the solvation properties of ions, hydrophobic molecules, carbohydrates, and macromolecules (Chaplin, 1999, 2001, 2004). 

Anomalous behavior of fluctuations might manifest itself in the event-by-event analysis of the heavy ion collision data. In small (L) size systems, L < , (zero dimension case would be L order parameter to the specific heat is still increased, as we have mentioned, see [15]. The anomalous behavior of the specific heat may affect the heat transport. Also kinetic coefficients are substantially affected by fluctuations due to the shortening of the particle mean free paths, as the consequence of... 

The effect of thermal pion fluctuations on the specific heat and the neutrino emissivity of neutron stars was discussed in [27, 28] together with other in-medium effects, see also reviews [29, 30], Neutron pair breaking and formation (PBF) neutrino process on the neutral current was studied in [31, 32] for the hadron matter. Also ref. [32] added the proton PBF process in the hadron matter and correlation processes, and ref. [33] included quark PBF processes in quark matter. PBF processes were studied by two different methods with the help of Bogolubov transformation for the fermion wave function [31, 33] and within Schwinger-Kadanoff-Baym-Keldysh formalism for nonequilibrium normal and anomalous fermion Green functions [32, 28, 29],... 

Analysis of equations for second momenta like (SNA5NB), (5Na)2) and (5NB)2) shows that all their solutions are time-dependent. In the Lotka-Volterra model second momenta are oscillating with frequencies larger than that of macroscopic motion without fluctuations (2.2.59), (2.2.60). Oscillations of k produce respectively noise in (2.2.68), (2.2.69). Fluctuations in the Lotka-Volterra model are anomalous second momenta are not expressed through mean values. Since this situation reminds the turbulence in hydrodynamics, the fluctuation regime in this model is called also generalized turbulence [68]. The above noted increase in fluctuations makes doubtful the standard procedure of the cut off of a set of equations for random values momenta. 

Theory suggests that the electrical conductance A exhibits an anomalous contribution A oc f . With regard to the critical exponent 0, one may think of several scenarios. Scaling behavior with 0 = 1 — a is expected for short-range fluctuations [127] and also for a proton-hopping mechanism [128]. A... 

Tn the critical region of mixtures of two or more components some physical properties such as light scattering, ultrasonic absorption, heat capacity, and viscosity show anomalous behavior. At the critical concentration of a binary system the sound absorption (13, 26), dissymmetry ratio of scattered light (2, 4-7, II, 12, 23), temperature coefficient of the viscosity (8,14,15,18), and the heat capacity (15) show a maximum at the critical temperature, whereas the diffusion coefficient (27, 28) tends to a minimum. Starting from the fluctuation theory and the basic considerations of Omstein and Zemike (25), Debye (3) made the assumption that near the critical point, the work which is necessary to establish a composition fluctuation depends not only on the average square of the amplitude but also on the average square of the local... 

Figure 1 2 2. The pictorial view of the superlattice of stripes of mesoscopic lattice fluctuations in Lal24, and Bi2212 systems determined by EXAFS [87] and resonant anomalous x-ray diffraction [88]...

Jusufi, A., and Ballauff, M. (2006). Correlations and fluctuations of charged colloids as determined by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering. Macromol. Theory Simul. 15, 193-197. 

Recently, we also observed an anomalous thermalization phenomenon in Er Gd203 (1 at%) nanocrystals with diameters of 40-50 nm. In the excitation spectra at 2.9 K, hot bands originating from the upper stark level of 4Ii5/2 (38 cm-1) were observed. These hot bands disappear when temperature goes up to 5 K. Our preliminary results show that the anomalous thermalization phenomena in this system are more complicated, because they depend on the laser power and temperature. The effect of laser heating or temperature fluctuation in nanocrystals must be ruled out before a definite conclusion can be reached. 

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