Lithium anion exchange

Tomlinson and Caruso [28] also performed the speciation of Cr(III) and (VI) using a Dionex AS-11 anion-exchange microbore column and 6 mM 2,6-PDCA-8.6 mill lithium hydroxide mobile phase. A thermospray source was used as the interface between LC and ICP-MS. Absolute limits of detection were at the pg level for both species using this instrument assembly. 

An examination of Table 2 reveals that although mercuric acetate and mercuric nitrate have often been used as electrophilic reagents, there are but few instances in which independent evidence as to their mechanism of reaction has been put forward. Positive kinetic salt effects have been observed in the substitution of sec.-butylmercuric acetate by mercuric acetate (with lithium nitrate in solvent ethanol)2, the substitution of di-sec.-butyl mercury by sec.-butylmercuric nitrate (with lithium nitrate in solvent ethanol)11, and the substitution of tetraethyltin by mercuric acetate (with tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate in methanol)7. In the latter case, it was suggested7 that the observed very large positive kinetic salt effect was possibly due to anion exchange between mercuric acetate and the perchlorate ion. 

Dutta, P. K. and Puri, M. (1989). Anion exchange in lithium aluminate hydroxides. J. Phys. Chem. 93, 376. 

Anion Exchange Resin Studies. Figure 5 shows the absorption spectra of U(VI) loaded into Dowex 1, X-4 (50 to 100 mesh) anion exchange resin from several acetate solutions. Both the triacetato and tetraacetato uranyl complexes are absorbed by the anion exchange resin. An increase in the fraction of triacetato complex occurs with an increase in the acetic acid concentration of the solutions. The fraction of each complex can be approximated by measuring the ratio of the absorbances at 460 m/x and 454 m/x and comparing with the values obtained in acetonitrile. This calculation is not exact because the spectra of the two pure species in the resin may be different from those in acetonitrile. In contact with 17.5M acetic acid the resin contains about 9% tetraacetato complex, in lOM acetic acid about 13%, and in IM acetic acid about 25%. This increase is also observed by the build-in of the tetraacetato peak at 494 m/x where the triacetato complex does not absorb. In solutions having a lithium acetate to acetic acid ratio of 1/2, the U(VI) in the resin was about 30% in the tetraacetato form from 0.16-3.0M lithium acetate. 

Polyitaconic add is converted completdy to the methyl ester with diazomethane (7), while Fisher esterification results in partial esterification of both itaconic acid homo- and copolymers (6). DMI homopolymers and its copolymer with butadiene can be reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to the polymeric alcohols, which on the basis of solubility, may under some conditions be partially cross-linked by intermolecular ester formation (6). Hydrazine converts polydimethyl itaccmate to the polymeric dihydrazide which is water-soluble and exhibits reducing properties. The hydrazide can be treated with aldehyde or ketones to form polymeric hydrazones (45). A cross-linked polymer of bi chloroethyl ita-conate) on treatment with trietlylamine, has been converted by partial quatemization to an anion exchange resin (46). 

The Affective Disorders Manic Depressive Psychoses Lithium in the Affective Disorders A. Side Effects Chemistry Isotopes of Lithium Inorganic Biochemistry Mechanisms of Action Lithium and the Phosphoinositide Signaling System Lithium and the Cell Membrane A. Sodium-Lithium Exchange Anion Exchange Leak... 

Sodium-lithium countertransport, anion exchange, and the leak mechanism are the most important transport routes for lithium in vivo. Lithium appears to substitute for sodium in all of these pathways in the erythrocytes (131) and also in the squid axon membrane (132). Sodium-lithium countertransport has been claimed to be abnormal in patients suffering from essential hypertension and in their close relatives (133). However, despite a decade of experimental study by many different laboratories, there is no consensus with regard to the true basis of the membrane defect, if indeed it is really present. Nor is it clear under what precise conditions the abnormality is manifest (134). 

Curium, berkelium, californium and einsteinium were separated from the americium samples irradiated by neutrons. For preliminary separation the anion exchange in hydrochloric acid and lithium chloride solutions was used as well as the HDEHP extraction. Mutual separation of the transamericium elements was made by using DIAION CK08Y cation exchange resin. Nuclides prepared and separation methods adopted are summarized in Table 1 (1-15). 

The l-zircona-4-phosphaindene complex 103 was found to be a reagent of choice for the synthesis of functional 1,4-diphosphaindenes and then related anions. Exchange reactions between 103 and dichlorophenylphosphine or PBr3 as transfer reagents afford 1-phenyl or l-bromo-1,4 diphosphaindenes 123 and 124 respectively [56]. Addition of a stoichiometric amount of lithium leads to the anion 125 which can be used as a convenient source of functional derivatives 126-128 via reaction of electrophiles at the nucleophilic P atom of the phospho-lide unit (Scheme 23). Prolonged contact of anion 125 with excess of lithium or sodium cleanly affords the trianion 129 which gives back the anion 125 by oxidation with one equivalent of iodine. 

These cationic and anionic exchange polymers require that the mobile ions be well solvated with a polar solvent such as water. For applications such as the electrolyte phase in lithium batteries, an ionic conducting polymer is needed in which ionic mobility is obtained without the ions being solvated by water or some other solvent. This has been... 

Numerous investigations on the transport of the lithium ion through cell membranes of erythrocytes have established five different pathways by which anion exchange and sodium-potassium co-transport control lithium uptake into the cell, whilst... 

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