Animal health, plant production

Dixon, R.A. and Sumner, L.W. (2003) Legume natural products imderstanding and manipulating complex pathways for human and animal health. Plant Physiol. 131, 878-885... 

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has regulatory responsibility for veterinary biologicals, which is exercised by its Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS). The regulated products include vaccines, bacterins and diagnostics, which are used to prevent, treat, or diagnose animal diseases. The Center for Veterinary... 

Genomic and molecular tools have made great impacts on plant biotechnology and offer potential for manipulation of carotenoids as natural colorants and also for applications in human and animal health. While microbial and other non-plant systems have been successfully used, plant modification eliminates need for expensive bioreactors and offers economically feasible opportunities for less developed nations for production of nutraceuticals and other chemical products. 

Health, Environmental, Quarantine and Other Regulations Many countries have strict regulations designed to protect the ecosystem and agrochemical business. For example any matrix material derived from pork, beef, sheep or horse tissue has to be accompanied with a Veterinary Certificate confirming that the matrix material is free of certain specified diseases before it can be imported into the EU. The Australian import restrictions are even tougher and require the importer to obtain prior permission to import plant and animal materials and products derived from biological materials. To get an import license it is necessary to complete an application, which includes information from the producer about the actual production process used to prepare the matrix ... 

These annexes set out the requirements for the dossier to be submitted by applicants either for inclusion of an a.i. in Annex I or for authorization of a plant protection product. Active ingredients are listed in Annex I if their use and their residues, resulting from applications consistent with good plant protection practice [or Good Agricultural Practice (GAP)] do not have harmful effects on human and animal health, or on ground water or any unacceptable influence on the environment (Article 5 of the Directive). 

Elsewhere in this book, experiments are described which compare organically grown products with conventionally grown products. The next steps will be to interpret these differences in terms of their effects on human health and finding ways of improving crop quality in the production phase. This will require a coherent concept of food quality, a concept in which food quality is more than the sum of exterior characteristics some specific health components and the absence of harmful contaminants. Moreover, we need a concept that connects the different phases of plant growth to properties of the harvested product and to human or animal health. The IQC can meet these requirements. 

Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) sets standards for food safety and inspects meat, poultry, and egg products produced domestically and imported. The Service inspects animals and birds at slaughter and processed products at various stages of the production process, and analyzes products for microbiological and chemical adulterants. FSIS also informs the public about meat, poultry, and egg product food safety issues. FSIS works with the Research, Education and Economics mission area on food safety research issues and the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service on instances where animal diseases impact food safety. FSIS also facilitates the management of US activities pertaining to the Codex Alimentarius Commission, an international organization created by the United Nations, to promote the health and economic interests of consumers while encouraging fair international trade in food. 

Pyrethrum refers to the oleoresin extracted from the dried flowers of Tanacetum cinerariaefolium (Asteraceae) and is the source of the pyrethrins, chrysanthemates and pyrethrates. Among the natural pyrethrins, those incorporating the alcohol pyrethrolone, namely pyrethrins 1 and II (Fig. 9), are the most abundant and account for most of the insecticidal activity. The pyrethrins are recommended for control of a wide range of insects and mites on fruit, vegetables, field crops, ornamentals, glasshouse crops and house plants, as well as in public health, stored products, animal houses and on domestic and farm animals. Pyrethrins are sold in a wide variety of formulations, under many different trade names by a large number of different manufacturers. 

The purpose of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals, and people. 

As the annual world production of food protein from plants accounted for 250 million tons in 1990 [29], a huge surplus generated in biofuel plants could be further used for the production of chemicals. Proteins from plants can be directly used in animal and human nutrition, cosmetics, and health care products as well as adhesives, coatings, and further special applications [30, 31],... 

Veterinary Services Import-Export Products Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture... 

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