Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate

Rawitch, A. B. and Hwan, R.-Y. 1979. Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate as a probe for the native structure of bovine alpha lactalbumin Absence of binding to the native monomeric protein. Biochim. Biophys. Res. Commun. 91, 1383-1389. 

The search for more rapid and sensitive methods of protein detection after electrophoresis led to the development of fluorescent staining techniques. Two commonly used fluorescent reagents are fluorescamine and anilinonaphthalene sulfonate. New dyes based on silver salts (silver diamine or silver-tungstosilicic acid complex) have been developed for protein staining. They are 10 to 100 times more sensitive than Coomassie Blue (Fig. 4.7). 

Slavik, J. (1982). Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate as a probe of membrane composition and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 694, 1-25. 

The fluorescence studies of the interaction of cytochrome c with the anilinonaphthalene sulfonate-apoenzyme and protoporphyrin-apoenzyme complexes provide another line of evidence (S9) in support of the above-mentioned conclusion. Both fluorescence steady-state and lifetime titrations of these fluorescence-labeled apoenzymes with ferro- and ferricytochrome c indicates the formation of a 1 1 complex, the afiSnity for ferricytochrome c being less than that for ferrocytochrome c. From the phosphorescence and fluorescence quenching, the distance between the emitter (a fluorescence label) and the quencher (the heme of cytochrome... 

Detection Permeant ions (fluorescent probes or ion electrode) carotenoid shift anilinonaphthalen-sulfonate pH meter (inside after detergent) P-NMR flow dialysis aminoacridine... 

PLA2 from Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra) venom was isolated and purified as previously described (Yang et al, 1981). Phenylglyoxal was purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co., 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) was obtained from Pierce Chemical Co.. The SynChropak RP-18 column (4.6mm x 25cm) was obtained from Synchrom. All other reagents were of analytical grade. 

The more sensitive method of Rees et al. (R6) requires about 7 jul plasma per ml dye solution (6 mg l-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid per liter phosphate buffer, pH 7.6). The fluorescence intensity of the plasma-dye mixture is measured (activation peak 370 nm, fluorescent peak 485 nm) and the albumin concentration obtained from a standard curve. The dye is stable and has low blank fluorescence a filter fluorimeter is satisfactory for the determination. Bile pigments in excess of about 5 mg/100 ml plasma interfere with the method low results are presumably caused by competition between bilirubin and dye for binding. Bovine albumin has been stated to produce more intense fluorescence with anilinonaphthalene-sulfonate than human albumin (R6). This requires confirmation, since dt... 

One explanation that can be offered to explain the two Tc values obtained for PMA at low values of a is that they represent the independent rotation of small clusters of the polymer chain. The larger value of (approximately 50 ns) can be associated with a rotating spherical cluster of radius 3.8 nm and of polymer molecular weight equal to 19000. Rotating units of similar size have been observed when the probes 9-methylanthracene and 9,10-DMA are solubilized in the PMA hypercoil structure (15,16) and when the more polar fluorescent probes Rhodamine B ( ) and 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid (1,8-ANS) (28) are bound to PMA for a value of a equal to 0. The smaller rotating unit present in PMA and PAA whose value of Tj, is approximately equal to 5 ns (which corresponds to particles whose radii are approximately equal to 2 nm) may arise from the rotation of a small section of the chain which is just sufficient to surround the 9,10-DMA probe and protect it from unfavourable entropic interactions with water. This shorter T, was... 

Both pre- and post-electrophoresis staining can be done. However, post-staining usually is preferred, because it does not alter the separation. Anilinonaphthalene sulfonate can detect 20 pg of protein. Dansyl chloride reacts with amines, amino acids, proteins, and phenols. Exposure of protein for 1 to 2 minutes at 100 °C to dansyl chloride produces a fluorescence capable of detecting 8 to 10 ng. Similarly, exposing primary amine-containing compounds to fluor-escamine at room temperature and an alkaline pH permits the detection of 6 ng of myoglobin. A newly popular compound is 2-methoxy-2,4-diphenyl-3(2H)-furanone (MDPF). It can detect 1 ng of protein, and it is linear from 1 to 500 ng. 

Dipping of the bound fluorophore into a low-polarity environment is probably the prevailing cause of fluorescence enhancement when the fluorescence yield of the guest in a polar solvent is lower than that in apolar solvents. In addition to the example of anilinonaphthalene sulfonates already described, some other examples are now described. 

Collini, M. D Alfonso, L. Molinari, H. Ragona, L. Catalano, M. Baldini, G. Competitive binding of fatty acids and the fluorescent probe 1-8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate to bovine P-lactoglobulin. Protein Sci. 2003,12 (8), 1596-1603. 

An hydrophobic fluorescent probe such as 1, 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS) gives a very low quantum yield of fluorescence in water, but becomes highly fluorescent upon binding to protein hydrophobic sites. The excitation and emission wavelengths for the protein-ANS conjugate vary slightly with different proteins (Cardamone and Puri,... 

Wagner BD, Stojanovic N, Day AI, Blanch RJ. Host properties of cucurbit[7]uril fluorescence enhancement of anilinonaphthalene sulfonates. J Phys Chem B 2003 107 10741-6. 

Measurements. Conductivity measurements were carried out under a helium atmosphere over a temperature rar e of 25°C-90°C by means of a Hewlett Packard HP4192LF impedance analyzer. DSC scans of the polymer electrolytes and the salt free networks were obtained on a Perkin Elmer DSC-4 calorimeter at a heating rate of 20°C/min. Swelling of the networks were determined in water and dioxane at 25 °C. The affinity of our hydrogels for organic species was studied with optical and fluorescent probes such as 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate (ANS), bromophenol blue (BPB) and picrate salts. More details of the measurements will be reported in a forthcoming publication. 

Although not studied in my work on cyclodextrins, pyrene 3 has been included in this chapter because it has a very different polarity-sensitive response than the anilinonaphthalene sulfonates described above. Instead of showing an overall increase in intensity in less polar media, pyrene exhibits a change in the relative intensity of two resolved vibronic bands, namely the first and third [72]. Thus, the value of /m/Zi changes according to the local polarity. For example, 7ni/ 7i = 1.68 in cyclohexane compared to 0.63 in water [72]. 

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