Aniline cinnamic acid

Since most anilines are derived from nitro intermediates the reduction of the aromatic nitro group followed by cyclization of the aniline in situ has offered a direct approach to the synthesis of quinolines. The ort/io-nitro cinnamic acid derivatives 28 undergo cyclization, where R corresponds to R , respectively, when treated with zinc in near-critical water at 250 °C... 

Small scale preparations, experimental details for aniline, 1102 cinnamic acid, 1113 Soaps, 445... 

A freshly prepared solution of nitroguanidine in concentrated sulfuric acid contains no nitric acid, for none can be distilled out of it, but it is ready to produce nitric acid (by the hydration of the nitroamide) if some material is present which will react with it. Thus, it gives up its nitro group quantitatively in the nitrometer, and it is a reagent for the nitration of such substances as aniline, phenol, acet-p-toluide, and cinnamic acid which are conveniently nitrated in sulfuric acid solution. 

In a similar way indole isomerizes to benzyl cyanide, pyridine to cyano-butadiene and quinoline to cinnamic acid nitrile. Aniline and o-phenylenedi-amine also form large amounts of unsaturated nitriles in glow discharges. 

This compound is obtained by heating gallic acid with cinnamic acid in sulphuric acid solution to 55°. It forms light yellow needles. M.P. 350°. It is insoluble in water, and sparingly soluble in alcohol, glacial acetic acid, and aniline. 

The palladium-catalyzed activation and subsequent functionalization of aryl hahdes has received increased attention in the last decade l The enormous synthetic possibilities are demonstrated in Scheme 1 by the synthesis of aromatic intermediates such as cinnamic acid derivatives, styrenes, biaryls, benzoic acids, benzonitriles, or anilines. 

Various unclassified alkaloids (aniline and anthranilic acid derivatives, cinnamic acid amides, guanidine bases, and oxazoles) are briefly reviewed in a general text on alkaloids.30... 

Solubility of Cinnamic Acid in Aqueous Solutions op Anilin AND op Para Toluidin at 25 . 

Some lesser known quinoline syntheses also use cyclization of aniline derivatives with nitrogen side-chains rendered electrophilic by protic or Lewis acids. For instance, either 3,4-dihydro-2-quinolones 87 or 2-quinolones 89 can be obtained from cinnamic acid anilides 88, whereas 3-(aryl-amino)propionic acids 90 produce 2,3-dihydro-4-quinolones 91 ... 

The function of the matrix is to transfer energy from the laser beam to the sample, to prevent aggregation of sample molecules, and probably to participate in the ionization process in some unspecified way. A large number of matrix compounds have been described, but selection criteria are not well developed. Typical examples include derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids, nicotinic acid, succinic acid, and anilines. 

The hydrolysis and aminolysis of 2-alkoxy- (237) and 2-alkylthio-4-benzylidene-2-thiazolin-5-ones (232) have been largely elucidated by the work of Cook, Heilbron, and their co-workers further examples have now been given. The action of alkali on the 2-alkoxy-compounds (237) cleaves the ring yielding a-(0-ethylthiocarbonamido)cinnamic acid (238 R = Et, X = OH), which is readily re-cyclized to the starting material by acetic anhydride (Scheme 14). Aminolysis by alkyl(or aralkyl)amines of (232) or (237) yields mainly the substituted thiohydantoins (235), but arylamines give rise to the linear anilines (238) and (239). The former are... 

Cinnamic acid yields phenylacetaldehyde, probably through formation of styrylamine (X), rearrangement to the aldimine (XI), and hydrolysis. Aniline is obtained as a by-product, and no explanation has been given for its formation. 

Phenylalanine hydroxylase occurs only in mammalian liver (that is, in the rat, guinea-pig, rabbit, d<, chicken, and human) (see also 259). No activity has been observed in (rat) lung, kidney, brain, or muscle. The system is quite speciOc for L-phenylalanine. Tjrro-sine is not formed from n-phenylalanine, nor are the corresponding p-phenols formed from N-acetyl- or N-chloroacetyl-L-phenylalanine, L-phenylalanine ethyl ester, DL-phenylglycine, phenylserine, phenylpyruvic acid, phenylethylamine, benzoic acid, hippuric acid, cinnamic acid, or mandelic acid (768), or from aniline, acetanilide, tryptophan, kynurenine, anthranilic acid, or phenylacetate (557). This specificity is a distinguishing character of the enzyme, which occurs in the same tissue as the nonspecific aromatic hydroxylase described above. 

Glasses have also been reported for nematic p-methoxybenzylidene-p-n-butyl-aniline 66) and some commercial liquid crystals 67) and for smectic ethyl-(p-anisol-amino)-cinnamate 68), p-n-hexyloxybenzylidene-p-aminobenzoic acid (Tg = 376 K) and p-n-nonyloxybenzylidene-p-aminobenzoic acid (Tg = 203 K) 69). 

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