Angiography definition

Budd-Chiari syndrome may be imaged in CT as hypodense zones the findings are not, however, reliable. (27) A definitive diagnosis can be obtained by angiography or MRI. 

Thus, echocardiography is recommended as a screening tool, but not as the definitive diagnostic tool in patients suspected of having pulmonary hypertension. For a particular patient, following the initial correlation of the echo estimate of PA pressure with direct catheterization measurement will allow subsequent patient specific correlations. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) has been shown to correlate strongly with RV ejection fraction as assessed by radionuclide angiography (34). It has been used in both two- and three-dimensional evaluations, and as a means of serial follow-up studies of... 

The CVOS found no significant difference in visual outcome between the treatment and observation groups at any follow-up point. Although there was a definite decrease in macular edema on fluorescein angiography in the treatment group when compared to the control group, this did not translate to a direct improvement in visual acuity (4). Therefore, at present, there is no proven therapy for visual acuity loss from macular edema due to CRVO. 

Because the validity of a clinical evaluation s conclusions is critically dependent on the accurate determination of the answer to the clinical question for each subject, routine clinical diagnoses are likely to be inadequate for test evaluation studies. Definitive determination of a patient s true clinical subgroup may require such procedures as biopsy, surgical exploration, autopsy examination, angiography, or long term follow-up of response to therapy and clinical outcome. 

Many papers have described the risk of recurrence of cerebral AVMs after complete AVM occlusion confirmed by postoperative angiography (Sano et al. 1978 Kader et al. 1996 Lanzino et al. 1997 Fox 1997 Patil 1997 Freudenstein et al. 2001). Kondziolka et al. (1992) reported two recurrences in 70 patients who had undergone complete AVM resection, and 2 patients presented 3 years later with recurrent hemorrhage. True regrowth of brain AVM can be considered only in children. Postoperative vasospasm, thrombosis of arteries and veins, and, above all, delayed recruitment of collateral arteries are the more likely explanations for the so-called recurrences. This emphasizes the role of delayed postoperative angiography, which should be performed 6 months to 1 year after surgery to assess a definitively complete cure. 

The diagnosis of JFA is mainly based on a careful clinical history and nasal endoscopic examination in addition to the imaging studies (CT and MRI). Biopsy to establish histological diagnosis is not indicated, and definitive diagnosis can be established by angiography, which certainly will play an important role in the patient management and treatment. 

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) provides a definitive diagnosis of RAS and serves as the first step for percutaneous revascularization. It should only be performed when angioplasty has been decided. The lowest amount of iodine contrast agent must be used. When renal function is impaired, intra-arterial injection of CO2 or Gd-chelate can be proposed (Spinosa et al. 1998,2002). Rotational angiography may also be used to find the optimal incidence for RAS analysis and catheterization (Hagen etal. 2005). 

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