And microstructure control

The Standard covers bar, plates, sheets, strip, structural shapes rolled stock, pipes, sheets with laminar coating and strip of carbon, alloyed and electrical steels and sets up nondestructive magnetic method of mechanical and service properties and microstructure control. 

Ceramic oxide fibres, both continuous and discontinuous, have been commercially available since the 1970s, and processing and microstructure control are very important in obtaining the desired properties. Among the desirable characteristics in any ceramic fibre for structural applications are ... 

Processing and microstructural control of metal-reinforced ceramic matrix nanocomposites... 

Functional ceramics are usually polycrystalline materials with properties depending on chemical composition and microstructure (Figure 19). The major drawbacks in large-scale production of ceramics are the lack of chemical homogeneity and microstructure control that are related to processing parameters (time, temperature, medium) and chemical behavior of the reactants. Heterogeneity of chemical composition in ceramics results from slow reaction... 

While calcium phosphates are currently widely used as implants in the body, more detailed work on the role of chemically enriched apatites on the biological response, characterization of apatites and microstructural control will reveal the optimal characteristics of an apatite for clinical application. 

Y. Li, T.J. White, S.H. Lim, Low-temperature synthesis and microstructural control of titania nano-particles . Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177, 1372-1381,(2004). 

FABRICATION AND MICROSTRUCTURE CONTROL OF SILICON-BASED MONOLITHIC CERAMICS... 

In summary, the experiments of Barringer and Bowen demonstrate clearly that substantial benefits can be achieved in sintering and microstructure control when the powder quality is carefully controlled and the powder packing is homogeneous, i.e., when careful attention is paid to the processing steps that precede firing. However, this fabrication route is not currently used in many industrial applications where mass production and low cost are important considerations. 

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