Ancient One

Alkali Fusion of /u-Benzenedisulfonic Acid. Even though this process like the previous one is a very ancient one, it is still the main route for the synthesis of resorcinol. It has been described in detail previously and does not seem to have drastically evolved since 1980. It involves the reaction of benzene with sulfuric acid to form y -benzenedisulfonic acid which is then converted to its disulfonate sodium salt by treatment with sodium sulfite. In a second step, this salt is heated to 350°C in the presence of sodium hydroxide yielding the sodium resorcinate and sodium sulfite. 

The art of using mixtures of chemicals to produce explosives is an ancient one. Black powder—a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur—was being used in China well before 1000 a.d. and has been used through the centuries in military explosives, in construction blasting, and in fireworks. The DuPont Company, now a major chemical manufacturer, started out as a manufacturer of black powder. In fact, the founder, Eleuthere du Pont, learned the manufacturing technique from none other than Lavoisier. 

Though the stress at time t in memory fluids is expected to depend on the history of the deformation, the dependence is stronger for recent deformations than for ancient ones. In other words, these fluids exhibit fading memory (23). The slow flow and small deformation approximations have been used to establish constitutive equations for memory fluids. In the slow flow approximation (23), a sequence of deformation histories is assumed in which each history differs from a reference history in that the time scale is slowed by a... 

A woman writer in her forties takes mushrooms among the rocks and ruins of the Southwest and tunes into the spirits of the Ancient Ones who loved the land. 

In order to establish how majolica potters of Mexico work, a field trip to Mexico City and Puebla was undertaken in October 1981. It was assumed that the modern technology reflects the ancient one and that the methods did not change too much in time, as was also assumed by Catala (36). 

Then I saw an ancient one, the most comely of men, seated at a lectern he was clothed with white raiment and held in his hand a board of the lectern, on which was placed a book. In front of him were wonderful vessels, the most marvelous I had ever seen. When I asked who this ancient one was, I was told "He is Hermes Trismegistus, and the book that is before him is one of those that contains the explanation of secrets that he has hidden from men. Remember well all that you see, and retain all that you read or hear, to describe it to your feUow men after you. But do not go beyond what you will be commanded. .."... 

India remains a land of contrast. The modem methods of chemical technology exist almost side by side with the ancient ones. Descriptions, drawings, and pictures of ancient operations resemble many of the ones currently still being used. Three examples of these are given below. 

Into the skull. .. distils the dew from the white head. .. and covereth it. And that dew appeared to be of two colors and by it nourished the field of the holy apple trees. And from this dew of this skull is the manna prepared for the just in the world to come. And by it shall the dead be raised to life. And the manna did not appear to be derived from this dew except at one time the time when Israel was wandering in the desert. And the Ancient One of All fed them from this place. But afterwards, it did not fall out so more fully. 

Every single day, dew trickles down from the Holy Ancient One to the Impatient One, and the Orchard of holy Apple Trees is blessed. 

The concepts of an acid, a base, and a salt are ancient ones that modern chemical science has adopted and refined. Our treatment of the subject at this stage will be mainly qualitative, emphasizing the definitions and fundamental ideas associated with acids and bases. The quantitative treatment of acid-base equilibrium systems is treated in another unit. 

It is true that Condorcet s view is an ancient one - clearly defended, for instance, throughout Plato s Dialogues. He was what is these days called a moral realist , who assumed that there are objective moral truths and he further believed that, as people become more enlightened, the probability will increase that what most think is the right thing to do will indeed be the right thing to do (an assumption basic for his famed jury theorem ). Thus, he asks in the Esquisse ... 

Ascorbic Acid. The practice of adding green walnut hulls or their pressed juice to wines is an ancient one. It has usually been considered that this was done to add color and flavor, but Jeroch (1947) suggested that the high ascorbic acid content of the hulls might be the basis of the practice. 

The fear that toxic agents in the maternal environment might harm the unborn child is an ancient one that was reinforced by the thalidomide tragedy. Although toxicology and teratology are far more advanced sciences now than 20 years ago, it is still not known what factors with an adverse effect... 

Ancient Apparatus.—The process of distillation is evidently a very ancient one, for Aristotle (1) mentions that pure water may be obtained from sea-water by evaporation, but he does not explain how the condensation of the vapour can be effected. A primitive method of condensation is described by Dioscorides and by Pliny, who state that an... 

Chemically synthesised iron oxides are known from many works of art worldwide, including those by the Impressionist School (Roy, 1985) and Burgio and Clark (2000) have identified it on modem Egyptian papyri (but not on ancient ones). Burnt... 

So (i) modem readers have different standards from ancient ones and should not judge an ancient text like the Bible by them. Why not Surety it is our task to evaluate the bibhcal materials by the best ethical standards we have, and not by standards we cannot agree with. (2) The metaphor apphes to men as well as women. This argument ignores the fact that the metaphor degrades women as women in a way that it does not degrade men. (3) Finalty, a more important issue is at stake faithfulness. That, of course, is the subordinate partner s responsibihty. The divine husband, who, in the metaphor, sexualty abuses his wife as punishment, cannot, by dehnition, be faulted for problems in the relationship. 

---