Anchor cell

Rai, S., Duh, F., Vigdorovich, V., Danilkovitch-Miagkova, A., Lerman, M. and Miller, A. (2001) Candidate tumor suppressor HYAL2 is a glycosylphospha-tidylinositol (GPI)- anchored cell-surface receptor for Jaagsietke sheep retrovirus, the envelope protein of which mediates oncogenic transformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, f/Y4 98, 4443-4448. 

A chain of repeated P bend motifs can form a flexible spring, a P spiral as proposed for elastin. Genes for spider silk have been cloned and are being used to engineer new proteins with commercial uses, e.g., to help anchor cells in regenerating body tissues. d/h/ ... 

Nomura, M., Zou, Z., Joh, T., Takihara, Y, Matsuda, Y., and Shimada, K. (1996). Genomic structures and characterization of Rael family members encoding GPl-anchored cell surface proteins and expressed predominantly in embryonic mouse brain. / Biochem. 120(5), 987-995. 

Loertscher, R., and Lavery, P., 2002, The role of glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (gpi)-anchored cell surface proteins inT-cell activation. Transpl. Immunol. 9 93-96. 

The folate receptor is a glycophosphatidyl inositol anchored cell surface protein with a broader specificity that permits uptake of folate hy receptor-mediated endocytosis. At times of low folate requirement, the receptor is in intracellular vesicles, which migrate to the cell surface when the requirement for folate increases (Doucette and Stevens, 2001). 

Fig. 1.2 A scheme of the activation of ADAMs and of the shedding process. The dimeric ADAM proteases and their substrates are anchored in the membrane, but are separated from each other. Upon activation (via protein kinases ), the protease is disengaged from disintegrin and associates with the substrate. Proteolysis takes place and the free, soluble ectodomains of membrane-anchored cell-surface proteins are shed from the membrane-anchored substrates and released. (Reproduced from ref. 3, with permission of the authors and Science.)...

Cell-surface adhesion receptors (e.g., a6p4 integrin in hemidesmosomes) anchor cells to the basal lamina, which in turn is connected to other ECM components (see Figure 6-1). 

Figure 4.6. The two MBR types for bioartificial organs, a separate plasma and cells configuration. 1 plasma or culture medium feed, 2 oxygen feed, 3 oxygen exit, 4 plasma or culture medium exit, 5 living cells and medium, b perfusion MBR, 6 hollow fibers for oxygen feed, 7 external shell, 8 spirally wound polyester film, 9 anchored cells in a 3D matrix. Adapted from Legallais et al. [4.41].

Chang, W.S., Serikawa, K., Allen, K. and Bentley, D. (1992) Disruption of pioneer growth cone guidance in vivo by removal of glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface proteins. Development 114 507-519. 

In its CNS expression, PrP is a GPl-anchored cell-membrane protein (for reviews, see Brown, 2005 Soto, 2006), whereas the infectious prion is a misfolded isoform of the same polypeptide (Stahl et al., 1990). The normal and infectious isoforms have identical amino acid sequences. The GPI linkage has been characterized, but the purpose of the linkage remains unknown. Mouillet-Richard et al. (2000) have postulated that PrP may be a signal transduction protein. The GPI linkage does not appear to have a role in the formation of the infections prion (Lewis et al., 2006), although the GPI-linked PrP is necessary for disease progression (Chesebro et al., 2005). 

Stein, T., Gerisch, G. (1996). Oriented binding of a lipid-anchored cell adhesion protein onto a biosensor surface using hydrophobic immobilization and photoactive crosslinking. Analytical Biochemistry, 237, 252—259. 

Shear Sensitivity of Microcarrier-Anchored Cells In the case of microcarrier-based cell systems, damage to anchored cells ( shear damage ) needs to be explained as due to two distinct effects. These two types are (i) shear damage due to scouring of the microcarrier surface by turbulent eddies and (ii) collision damage ... 

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