Analytical chemistry, applied artificial

In analytical chemistry, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are mostly used for calibration, see Sect. 6.5, and classification problems. On the other hand, feedback networks are usefully to apply for optimization problems, especially nets ofHoPFiELD type (Hopfield [1982] Lee and Sheu [1990]). 

Until now Chemometrics has been considered to be the interface between applied mathematics and analytical chemistry. I believe that by now Chemometrics is also becoming the interface between the analytical chemist and analytical chemistry. This symbiosis of artificial and natural intelligence in analytical chemistry probably can provide an optimal solution In this r pect, I like to quote what Meglen secretary of the Chemometric Society, wrote on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the Society Chemometrics is clearly beyond infancy. Indeed at ten years old it is remarkably mature . A sign of its maturity the fact that two publishers decided to publish a journal devoted to chemometrics. 

R. A. Felder, Third Symposium on Automation, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Based on a conference held in San Diego, CA, 15-18 January 1994, in Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst., 26 (2), Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1994. 

R. Schafer, C. Schulz and O. Stuckert, 4th International conference on automation, robotics and artificial intelligence applied to analytical chemistry and laboratory medicine, Montreux, Feb, (1995). 

Self-organizing maps (also called SOMs, Kohonen feature maps, or kmaps) are special kinds of artificial neural networks (ANNs) that are able to represent sets of descriptors in a low-dimensional map [114—116], and are increasingly applied for mapping of various molecular data in the fields of analytical chemistry and drug design [89, 117, 118]. 

Of the artificial chemiluminescent compounds, luminol (5-amino-2,3-dihydro-l,4-phthalazinedione) is the most popular, and has been applied not only in analytical chemistry but also in other fields. The luminol chemiluminescence is based on the light emission from an excited 3-aminophthalate ion generated by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide or atmospheric oxygen in the presence of bases and catalysts. This peculiar chemiluminescence property and its industrial value have attracted continuous interest and prompted many chemists to investigate its reaction in detail... 

Because of limited space, this chapter covers porphyrins and expanded porphyrins as receptors through mostly non-covalent or supramolecular interactions. As a general rule, examples wherein the porphyrin acts as a receptor via metal coordination are excluded. For a further reading on this latter topic, the reader is referred to a recent Chemistry Review article entitled Supramolecular Chemistry of Metallopor-phyrins. On the other hand, inspired by a recent review by Anslyn entitled Supramolecular Analytical Chemistry, we expand our definition of receptor-substrate interactions to include certain boronic acid binding motifs and several representative examples of metalated porphyrins that are applied to sensing applications, wherein the proposed mode involves metal complexation. Thus, included in this chapter is a brief summary of the seminal work carried out by Suslick and his group, where porphyrins are used to create the so-called artificial nose, that is, an array-based sensing device for various vapors. Also included are... 

M. Crook, 1st International Symposium on Automation, Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Applied to Analytical Chemistry, Montreux, Switzerland, 1992. 

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