Analysis ciguatera

Holt RJ, Miro G, Del VaUe A. An analysis of poison control center reports of ciguatera toxicity in Puerto Rico for one year. Clin Toxicol 22 177-185, 1984. 

The scarcity of purified ciguatoxin standards and the challenging nature of analyses for ciguatoxins in fish tissues precluded development or adoption of ciguatoxin methods in most laboratories. While many are certainly capable, only a few laboratories have produced the necessary standards and sustained support required for development and routine application of screening assays and confirmatory analyses for ciguatera toxins. Protocols for in vitro assay and LC-MS/MS analysis of fish tissues have been developed in U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) laboratories. Laboratories in Japan (T. Yasumoto) and Australia (R. Lewis) use similar protocols that predate those in the United States. 

Hokama (2003). Hokama Y, Uto GA, Palafox NA, et al. Chronic phase lipids in sera of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), hepatitis B, and cancer with antigenic epitope resembling ciguatoxin, as assessed with MAb-CTX. J Clin Lab Analysis 2003 17 132-139. 

Hoffman et al. (1983) constructed a dose-response curve for purified ciguatoxin obtained from toxic blackfin snapper collected from the Virgin Islands. A m-ptomatological analysis was reported that would facilitate the comparison among reports on ciguatera research. The mouse bioassay has been used extensively in the Pacific and is described in detail by Yasumoto et al. (1984). 

Lewis RJ, Chaloupka MY, Gillespie NC, Holmes MJ (1988) An analysis of the human response to ciguatera in Australia. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Sym Vol 3, pp 67-72. 

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