Analog/digital

To get a clear ring with our instrumental, we developed the follow analogical-digital mix technique ... 

With temperature, we can use a thermocouple, which typically has a resolution on the order of 0.05 mV/°C. (We could always use a RTD for better resolution and response time.) That is too small a change in output for most 12-bit analog-digital converters, so we must have an amplifier to boost the signal. This is something we do in a lab, but commercially, we should find off-the-... 

The pH meter can be analog, digital, or, as mentioned earlier, attached to a computer. As shown in Figure 9.6, each electrode has a different connector illustrating the need to match electrode connector with meter. Regardless of the make, pH meters are usually robust and should need little maintenance. 

To study the response of the kiln to transient conditions and to different control schemes, the set of partial differential equations (39), (40), (44), and (48) were solved using a hybrid analog-digital computer, the EAI Hydac 2000. A description of the computer and of the methods used in the solution are given in the paper by Weekman et al. (1967). The kiln conditions used in the simulation to be discussed are given in Table V. The dynamic model was first used to study the effect of fast coke on kiln stability. 

In the analysis section, CH4, CO and CO2 concentrations are monitored with an online NDIR multiple analyzer (Advance Optima, Uras 14). For the analysis of O2 a continuous paramagnetic analyzer (Advance Optima, Magnos 106) is employed H2 is analyzed with a thermal conductivity detector (Advance Optima, Caldos 17). An analog-digital board (National Instruments, AT-M lO 64E) allows... 

Pulsation can be problematic ancfdifficult to predict. Pulsations are also dependent on acoustic resonance characteristics. For reciprocating equipment, such as reciprocating compressors and pumps, in some cases, an analog (digital) study needs to be performed to identify the deficiency in the piping and pipe support systems as well as to evaluate the performance ofthe machine during operation. The study will also provide recommendations on how to improve the machine and piping system s performance. 

PSpice can be used as a logic simulator as well as a mixed analog/digital simulator. We will now simulate a switch-tail counter. Wire the circuit as shown ... 

PSpice can be used for pure digital simulations, pure analog simulations, or mixed analog/digital simulations. 

The major amount of HPLC separations is performed with re versed-phase columns employing binary or tertiary solvent mixtures with isocratic or gradient elution. The protons of the solvents of the mobile phase cause severe problems for an adequate NMR registration. The receiver of the NMR instrument (either a 12-bit or a 16-bit analog-digital converter (ADC)) is unable to handle the intense solvent signals and the weak substance signals at the same time. 

After the anti-aliasing filter, the analog/digital converter (ADC) quantizes the continuous input into discrete levels. ADC technology has shown considerable improvement in recent years due to the development of oversampling and noise-shaping converters. However, a look at the previous technologies [Blesser, 1978] [Blesser and Kates, 1978][Fielder, 1989] will help appreciate the current state-of-the-art. 

Kriz, 1976] Kriz, J. S. (1976). An Audio Analog-Digital-Analog Conversion System. In 55th Convention. Preprint 1142. 

Sheingold, 1986] Sheingold, D. H., editor (1986). Analog-digital conversion handbook, 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall. 

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