Anaesthetics and analgesics

In biomedical analysis, LC-LC has been used most extensively and successfully in the heart-cut mode for the analysis of drugs and related compounds in matrices Such as plasma, serum or urine. Table 11.1 gives an overview of analytes in biological matrices which have been determined by heart-cut LC-LC systems. A typical example of such an approach is the work of Eklund et al. (16) who determined the free concentration of sameridine, an anaesthetic and analgesic drug, in blood plasma... 

Cl 581 CL 369, CM 52372-2, Ketalar , Ketaset Vetalar " and many other names) is a cyclohexanone, a rapid-acting dissociative GENERAL ANAESTHETIC and ANALGESIC, with atypical actions, including a propensity to act as a PSYCHO-TROPHIC AGENT (causes hallucinations, psychoses and other anaesthetic emergence reactions). It is also used as an immo-... 

Products containing combinations of constituents with local anaesthetic and analgesic effects, such as lidocaine, choline salicylate and phenol, counterirritants such as ammonia solution and menthol, and astringents such as zinc sulphate and tannic acid, are marketed to reduce discomfort and promote faster healing of sores while the infection takes its course. Some are formulated with alcoholic bases, which may have a drying effect on sores and speed up healing. The bland cream bases of some products may have a soothing effect. 

In addition to drugs used to treat diseases of the major systems, the treatment of infections and parasites, the use of cancer chemotherapy, the use of anaesthetics and analgesics and the use of contrast agents and adjuncts to radiotherapy are included in Part 2. 

Raikos N, Theodoridis G, Efi A, Gika H, Argiriadou H, Parlapani H, Tsoukali H (2007) Analysis of anaesthetics and analgesics in human urine by headspace SPME and GC. J Sep... 

Therapeutic profile ( )-Menthol is a household medicament, widely used as a local anaesthetic and analgesic, to reduce itching, as a gastric sedative agent and as a decongestant. 

Cinnamic acid It procures antiseptic, germicidal, anaesthetic and analgesic effects. Moreover, it has a strong detergent action due to molecular similarity with saponins. 

The dosage forms applied locally to the skin are powders, paste, lotions, ointments, creams, plasters and jellies. They are used for their antiseptic, antipruritic, analgesic, local anaesthetic and other related effects. 

Coc.benzoylecgo- Various local nine,A,S,morphine, anaesthetics and caffeine analgesics Analysis coc in plasma ODS-HC SIL-X-1 250x2.6 Me0H-0.05M phosphate buffer(pH 6.6)(3 1) 48... 

Premedication is the use of drugs to reduce a patient s anxiety and to prevent parasympathetic effects of the anaesthetic. Muscle relaxants and analgesics are used as adjuncts to anaesthesia, respectively to cause muscle relaxation and aid surgery and to reduce patient discomfort post-operatively. 

Compound N—O N=C—R Antispasmodic activity in vitro) Local anaesthetic activity Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity Anti-inflammatory activity Central anti-tussive activity ( ) Antitussive activity b)... 

It is a potent anaesthetic administered by inhalation. It has both reasonably good muscle relaxant and analgesic properties. It is no longer used because of its liver and kidney toxicity. 

The manufacturer notes that the required induction dose of propofol may be reduced in patients who have received opioids, and that these drugs may increase the anaesthetic and sedative effects of propofol, and also cause greater reductions in blood pressure and cardiac output. They also state that the rate of propofol administration for maintenance of anaesthesia may be reduced in the presence of supplemental analgesics such as opioids. ... 

The value of reviewing rival hypotheses of the mode of action of general anaesthetics is that even the best of currently accepted explanations, e.g. that of Franks and Lieb (1982), while adequate for hypnotics may be an over-simplification for general anaesthetics. The latter are required to have both hypnotic and analgesic properties, such as was manifested by diethyl ether in its day. 

In the management of an opiate knockdown agent exposure, early airway and ventilation assessment is essential and intermittent positive pressure ventilation with 100 % oxygen should start as soon as possible if there is a respiratory failure. An antidote to the respiratory depression caused by opiates is naloxone which is used both in anaesthetic and clinical toxicological practice. This is given in doses of 0.4 mg IV repeated until there is a reversal of the respiratory depression. It should be noted that in cases of mixed injury where opioids may have been given for pain relief, the analgesic effect will also be reversed. 

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