An Introduction to Plastics

The following discussion on polymers is not intended to be a comprehensive introduction but provides only basic information on the subject. Many important aspects of polymer structure, properties and characterization have been left out. Aspects discussed here are primarily those likely to assist the reader in understanding the content in subsequent chapters. The reader is, however, directed to excellent monographs on polymer science for more detailed and complete information (Coleman and Painter, 1998 Rudin and Choi, 2012 Young and Lovell, 2011). 

Plastics and Environmental Sustainability, First Edition. Anthony L. Andrady. 2015 John Wiley Sons, Inc. Published 2015 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. 

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Elias, Hans-Georg An Introduction to Plastics, 2nd Edition. John Wiley Sons. Inc, New York, NY, 2003. 

Brown W E, 1992. Plastics in Food Packaging Properties, Design and Fabrication. Marcel Dekker. N.Y. Brydson J A, 1995. Plastics Materials 6nd. Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford Elias H G, 1993. An Introduction to Plastics, VCH, Weinheim... 

Section 7.1 Books on polymer syntheses and properties J. M. G. Cowie, Polymers Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials, second edition. Chapman Hall, London 1991 H.-G. Elias, An Introduction to Plastics, second edition, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2003 J. R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, second edition, Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 2003. 

An introduction to plastics for non-specialists 29 Fibre volume fraction 0.25 to 0.30. Filler epoxy ratio 1 1 w/w. 

H-G. Elias in An introduction to Plastics, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2003. 

Creep krep [ME crepen, fr. OE creopan akin to ON krjupa to creep] (before 12c) vt. Due to its viscoelastic nature, a plastic subjected to a load for a period of time tends to deform more than it would from the same load released immediately after application. The degree of this deformation increases with the duration of the load and with rising temperature. Creep is the permanent deformation resulting from the prolonged apphcation of a stress below the elastic limit. This deformation, after any time under stress is partly recoverable (primary creep) upon the release of the load and partly unrecoverable (secondary creep). Creep at room temperature is sometimes called cold flow. Elias HG (2003) An introduction to plastics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Rosato DV (ed) (1992) Rosato s plastics encyclopedia and dictionary. Hanser-Gardner Publications, New York. 

Degree of crystallinity kris-t9- li-n9-te n. The amount of crystalline material in a partially crystalline polymer, usually expressed as a percentage. For a particular polymer the value depends on the crystallization conditions, especially the rate of cooling and the crystallization temperature. Ehas H-Georg (2003) An introduction to plastics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 

Network structure n. An atomic or molecular arrangement in which primary bonds form a three-dimensional network. Zaccaria VK, Utracki L (2003) Polymer blends. Springer-Verlag, New York. Galina H, Spiegel S, Meisel I, Kniep CS, Grieve K (2001) Polymer networks. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Elias HG (2003) An introduction to plastics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Allcock HR, Mark J, Lampe F (2003) Contemporary polymer chemistry. Prentice-Hall, New York. Elias HG (1977) Macromolecules, vols 1-2. Plenum Press, New York. 

Methods of determining molecular weight include osmotic pressure, light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, dilute solution viscosity, vapor pressure, freezing temperatures, and others. Odian GC (2004) Principles of polymerization. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York. Ehas HG (2003) An introduction to plastics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Slade PE (2001) Polymer molecular weights, vol 4. Marcel Dekker, New York. 

Elias H-G (2003) An introduction to plastics. John Wiley and Sons, New York Elmas M (1973) Powder technology publication, series No 5 fluidized - bed powder coatings. Powder Advisory Cent, London Emerson JA, Torkelson JM (eds) (1991) Optical and electrical properties of polymers materials research society symposium proceedings, vol 24. Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA Wells K, Beal S, Woodburn C, Durant J, Brandimane J (1997) Fabric dyeing. Interweave Press Inc, Escondido, California... 

H-G. Elias, An Introduction to Plastics, VCFl, Vienna, Germany, 1993. 

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