Amphiphiles Langmuir-Blodgett films

Nakamura T, Tachibana H, Yumara M, Matsumoto M and Tagaki W 1993 Structure and physical properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films of Cgg with amphiphilic matrix molecules Synth. Met. 55 3131-6... 

Nakamura E 1995 Langmuir-Blodgett film of amphiphilic Cgg carboxylic acid Langmuir 660-5... 

Daniel M F, Lettington O C and Small M 1983 Investigation into the Langmuir-Blodgett film formation ability of amphiphiles with oyano head groups Thin Solid Films 99 61-9... 

Palacin S and Barraud A 1989 Highly ordered Langmuir-Blodgett films based on semi-amphiphilic phthalocyanines J. Chem. Soo. Chem. Commun. 45-7... 

Uchida M, Tanizaki T, Gda T and Ka]iyama T 1991 Control of surface chemical-structure and functional property of Langmuir-Blodgett-film composed of new polymerizable amphiphile with a sodium-sulfonate Maoromoieouies 24 3238-43... 

Miyahara T and Kurihara K. 2004. Electroconductive Langmuir-Blodgett films containing a carotenoid amphiphile for sugar recognition. Journal of the American Chemical Society 126(18) 5684—5685. 

A benzo[18]crown-6 adduct (72) of Cgg (not shown) has been synthesized by the addition of the corresponding o-quinodimethane 71 in toluene [58]. The solubility of 72 in pro tic solvents such as MeOH strongly increases after the complexation of ions, as shown by extraction experiments. The combination of the crown ether and the fullerene moiety in 72 provides a highly amphiphilic character. This behavior allowed the preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett films of monolayers on mica of 72 and its complex. 

Figure 11.46 Typical structures of amphiphilic fuUeiene dendritic derivatives that form Langmuir-Blodgett films.

Nieiengarten J-F, Eckert J-F, Rio Y, del Pilar Carreon M, Gallani J-L, GuiUon D. Amphiphilic diblock dendrimers synthesis and incorporation in Langmuir and Langmuir-Blodgett films. J Am Chem Soc 2001 123 9743-9748. 

Su A, Tan S, Thapa P, Flanders BN, Ford WT. Highly ordered Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic poly(propylene imine) dendrimers. J Phys Chem C 2007 111 4695 -4701. 

Yabe A, Kawabata Y, Niino H, Tanaka M, Ouchi A, Takahashi H, Tamura S, Tagaki W, Nakahara H, Fukuda K. Cis-trans isomerization of azobenzenes included as guests in Langmuir-Blodgett films of amphiphilic beta-cyclodextrin. Chem Lett 1988 l-4. 

Extremely low interaction forces in monomolecular adsorption layers on liquids, Langmuir Blodgett films or in solid interfaces are the precondition for low energy surfaces. Perfluorocarbons or terminal fluorinated parts in amphiphilic molecules and fluoropolymers meet these demands. 

Amphiphilic materials spread at the air/water interface have been the subject of intensive study over a long period of time. The type of apparatus usually used for this purpose has much in common with the apparatus needed to form Langmuir-Blodgett films and, indeed, it is usually possible to adapt the same apparatus for both purposes. In this section the problems which must be overcome if these processes are to be carried out are discussed and the most effective solutions to these problems described. 

Figure 4.1. Schematic diagram of the formation of a Langmuir-Blodgett film. Each amphiphilic molecule is represented by a circle with a tail, where the circle denotes the hydrophilic end of the molecule. The left hand diagram represents the deposition of a monolayer on a hydrophilic substrate moving upwards. The right hand diagram represents the deposition of a second layer during the downward movement of the substrate.

The incorporation of such compounds into mixed Langmuir-Blodgett films built from a fatty acid (see 97) [8.92] or from an amphiphilic cyclodextrin [8.93] produces oriented arrangfements presenting marked NLO features. 

Amino-5-nitropyrimidine, cocrystallization, 455 Amorphous polymers, criteria for use in second harmonic generation, 250-251 Amphiphilic molecules polar Z-type Langmuir-Blodgett films, formation, 473-479 structures, transfer behavior, and contact angles, 474,476-477r Anharmonic oscillator models, nonlinear optical effect-microstructure relationship, 361... 

Keywords Interface Langmuir monolayer Adsorption process Spreading solvent Surface tension Surface isotherm Langmuir-Blodgett film Collapse pressure Amphiphilic polymer... 

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