Amphetamines quantification

Al-Dirbashi O, Wada M, Kuroda N, Takahashi M, Nakashima K. 2000. Achiral and chiral quantification of methamphet-amine and amphetamine in human urine by semi-micro column high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection. J Forensic Sci 45(3) 708-714. 

QUANTIFICATION. The addition of the internal standard (10 yg) to the urine before extraction is necessary for the quantification procedures. Known amounts of amphetamine and diphenylamine in the range 0-5 yg are chromatographed and calibration curves are plotted for peak area (y axis) versus concentration (x axis). 

The detector response is greater for diphenylamine than for an equivalent amount of amphetamine. Over the 0-5.0 yg range, the ratio expressed as a percentage averaged 83%. Quantification is linear over the range used. 

RECOVERY AND REPRODUCIBILITY. The chromatographic conditions are chosen such that the retention time for the amphetamine would be suitable for rapid identification and quantification. 

To determine recovery, amounts of amphetamine and diphenyl-amine in the range 0-20 yg are added to normal urine and then extracted and assayed according to the procedure. Quantification is done and the mean percent recovery for amphetamine was 82% and for diphenylamine it was 83%. 

Andersson et al. have recently proposed a direct injection LC-MS/MS method for the identification and quantification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA, and MDMA in urine drug testing. The samples were prepared for analysis by fivefold dilution with ultra pure water [119]. A gradient elution was performed using two solvents 25 mM formic acid containing 1 % acetonitrile and 25 mM formic acid containing 90 % acetonitrile. Authors observed matrix effects, in terms of ion suppression, about 25-fold. This method was used for real sample analysis and... 

Andersson M, Gustavsson E, Stephanson N, Beck O (2008) Direct injection LC-MS/MS method for identification and quantification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methyl-enedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in urine drug testing. J ChromatogrB Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 861 22-28. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.025... 

Quantification. Enzyme Immunoassay-Gas Chromatography. In urine benzphetamine, amphetamine, and methylamphetamine, sensitivity 150 ng/ml for benzphetamine and 50 ng/ml for amphetamine and methylamphetamine—R. D. Budd and N. C. Jain, J. analyt. Toxicol., 1978, 2, 241. 

Quantification. Gas Chromatography. In urine methylamphetamine and amphetamine, detection limit 10 ng/ml, ECD—M. Terada etal., J. Chromat., 1982, 237, 285-292. 

At the present time, it is possible to carry ont identification and quantification of a wide variety of drugs, ranging from those which are entirely herbal or fnngal in origin Cannabis and its prodncts), throngh those which are semisynthetic (cocaine and diamorphine), to those which are entirely synthetic (the amphetamines). A wide variety of techniqnes can be applied for their analysis and it is rare that an issue of sensitivity becomes apparent. In terms of dmg identification and quantification, the dmg analyst is in a particnlarly strong position. 

Peters, F.T., Schaefer, S., Staack, R.F., Kraemer, T., Maurer, H.H. Screening for and validated quantification of amphetamines and of amphetamine- and piperazine-derived designer drugs in human blood plasma by gas chromatography/mass spektrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 38, 659-676 (2003)... 

P Esseiva, E Lock, O Gueniat, MD Cole. Identification and quantification of amphetamine and analogues by capillary zone electrophoresis. Sci Justice 37 113-119, 1997. 

Amphetamine compoimds are generally easily analyzed using either GC or LC and are profiled using a GC/MS system. LC is useful for quantification though a common diluent, caffeine has a significantly different molar extinction coefficient than... 

Toxic impurities are those that have a significant undesirable biological activity even at low concentrations and require identification and quantification by specific tests. They may arise from the synthesis, preparation, or degradation of the drug. An example of a toxic impurity is amphetamine hydrochloride in phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, which the USP limits to 0.001%. 

Cais, who coined the term metalloimmunoassay, prepared a series of organometallic markers (metallohaptens) with the potential for use in immunoassay. These are derivatives of steroids (estradiol, estriol), mood-altering drugs (amphetamine and cocaine) or medications (morphine and barbiturates), labeled with ferrocene, cobaltocenium and cymantrene [57-59]. He then assessed the use of a Sepharose 4B column to separate the free and bound fractions of the tracer and quantification of the tracer by atomic absorption spectrometry [58]. 

Cordero R, Paterson S (2007) Simultaneous quantification of opiates, amphetamines, cocaine and metabolites and diazepam and metabolite in a single hair sample using GC-MS. J Chromatogr B 850 423—431... 

---