Dextroamphetamine Amphetamine

The amphetamines, such as amphetamine, dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), and metliainphetainine (Desoxyn), are sympatiiomimetic (ie, adrenergic) dru that stimulate the CNS (see Chap. 22). Their drug action results in an elevation of blood pressure, wakefulness, and an increase or decrease in pulse rate The ability of these drugs to act as anorexiants and suppress the appetite is thought to be due to their action on the appetite center in the hypothalamus. 

CNS stimulants can be classified as Psychomotor stimulants compounds that display a stimulatory effect primarily on brain functions and which activate mental and physical activity of the organism. They are made up of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, pentoxifyllin), amphetamines (dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine), and also methylphenidate and pemoline. Respiratory stimulants or analeptics compounds, which cause certain activations of mental and physical activity of the organism, and primarily excite the vasomotor and respiratory centers of the medulla (doxapram, almitrine).Drwgi that suppress appetite or anorectics drags that activate mental and physical activity of the organism, but primarily accentuate the excitatory center of satiation in the hypothalamus (phentermine, diethylpropion).In order to increase mental capability, nootropics — drugs that increase the functional state of the brain — are sometimes used, the effect of which is associated with blood flow and metabolism of the brain. 

Amphetamines The term amphetamines is usually used in relation to racemates of amphetamine, dextroamphetamine (8.1.2.2), and methamphetamine (8.1.2.3). 

Amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, and methamphetamine also are indicated for attention deficit disorders in children, as part of a total treatment program. For complete prescribing information on the amphetamines for this and other uses, consult the general amphetamine monograph. 

Amphetamine/ dextroamphetamine Adderall XR Capsule with a 50 50 mixture of immediate-release beads and delayed-release beads, designed to provide treatment for 12 hours... 

Amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (Adderall) is also more potent than methylphenidate, and it has a longer half-life. It is a mixture... 

Cocaine, amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, and pemoline are classified as psychomotor stimulants, producing an acute euphoria in control subjects, as well as a wide variety of responses in psychiatric patients. These stimulants are also effective in postponing the deterioration in psychomotor performance that often accompanies extreme fatigue, a property that may be useful in some carefully selected cases. 

According to the U.S. Department of Justice s Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, laevoamphetamine, and methampheta-mine (MAP) are all referred to as amphetamines because their chemical properties and actions are so similar that even experienced users have difficulty knowing which drug they have taken. Consequently, it doesn t matter what an amphetamine pill or capsule is called. The only difference between amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, for instance, is a few molecules of dextrose, a type of sugar. 

OFFICIAL NAMES Dextroamphetamine, D-amphetamine, dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine)... 

In 1937, the amphetamine dextroamphetamine was sold as a diet pill under the trade name Dexedrine. This medication was twice as potent as other amphetamines. It was also regarded as having the least amount of side effects. However, amphetamines were highly addictive. 

Uppers see Amphetamines Dextroamphetamine Uppies see Amphetamines Utopia see 2C-B... 

Medication to treat ADHD should generally be used in concert with behavioral, psychological, and educational interventions and support for the child and family that is, medication alone is not recommended. Although some new nonstimulant medications are coming on the market for the treatment of ADHD, it will be some time until we know how well they work and with what side effects and risks. Meanwhile, the mainstay of medication treatment continues to be the stimulants, such as methylphenidate (trade name Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (trade name Dexedrine), and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (trade name Ad-derall). The stimulant drug pemoline (trade name Cylert) is sometimes... 

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors and many pharmacological agents are synergistic, sometimes resulting in a hypertensive crisis. The agents with which the MAOIs may be synergistic include amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methyl amphetamine, ephedrine, procaine preparations (which usually contain norepinephrine), epinephrine, methyldopa, and phenylpropanolamine (over-the-counter cold preparations). 

AMPHETAMINE AND RELATED AGENTS Subjective effects similar to those of cocaine are produced by amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrarine, methylphenidate, and diethylpropion. Amphetamines increase synaptic DA primarily by stimulating presynaptic release rather than by blockade of reuptake. Intravenous or smoked methamphetamine produces an abuse/dependence syndrome similar to that of cocaine, although chnical deterioration may progress more rapidly and methamphetamine is thought to be neurotoxic in DA and 5-HT neurons. Methamphetamine can be produced in small, clandestine laboratories starting with ephedrine, and access to this previously widely available nonprescription stimulant has been restricted. 

When amphetamines are taken to suppress appetite, they often produce a psychosis indistinguishable from schizophrenia. D-Amphetamine (dextroamphetamine) and L-amphetamine, or a racemic mixture of the two isomers, binds to the DA and other monoamine transporters that increase synaptic levels of the DA, NE (noradrenaline), and 5-HT. o-Amphetamine acts primarily on the dopaminergic systems, whereas L-amphetamine acts on the norepinephrinergic neurons. The reinforcing and behavioral-stimulation effects of amphetamine are possibly the result of the enhanced dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic system. 

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