Ampere. Andre-Marie

See also Ampere, Andre-Marie Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel Electricity Electricity, History of Faraday, Michael Gibbs, Josiah Willard Magnetism and Magnets Molecular Energy Oersted, Hans Christian Thomson, William. 

Ampere, Andre Marie (1775-1836) French physicist who from 1809 taught at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris. He is best known tor putting electromagnetism (which... 

Andre-Marie Ampere was born m Lyons, France, the son of a wealthy merchant. Ampere s education was determined by his father, Jean-Jacques, who followed Jean Jacques Rousseau s theories of education. Ampere was left to educate himself, as his inclinations dictated, among the books of his father s extensive library. At an early age Ampere discovered a talent for mathematics, working out the early books of Euclid by himself. On finding that some of the books he wished to consult in the librai y in Lyons were in Latin, he taught himself the language. Ampere s mother was a devout Catholic, who ensured he was thoroughly instructed in the faith. 

The quantity of electric charge is measured m coulombs, and the unit of electric current—the number of coulombs per second that go past any point— is the ampere (A), named after French physicist Andre Marie Ampere ... 

Andre-Marie Ampere created a mathematical theory in the 1820s for magnetic fields and electric currents. The SI unit of electrical current is named after him. 

Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836), French mathematician and physicist, was the first to apply mathematics to the study of electrical current. Consistent with Benjamin Franklin s definitions of positive and negative charge. Ampere defined a positive current to be the direction of flow of positive charge. Although we now know that negative electrons cairy current in metals. Ampere s definition has survived to the present. The unit of cunent, the ampere, is named in his honor. 

Andre Marie Ampere, a French mathematical physicist, published his classical work "Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomena"... 

Although this great theoretical synthesis was the work of James Clerk Maxwell (Fig. 3.10) in Scotland, it in fact grew out of the experimental researches of many scientists, including Hans Christian Oersted in Denmark, Charles Augustin de Coulomb, Jean-Baptiste Biot, and Andre-Marie Ampere in France, and Michael Faraday (Fig. 3.11) in England. Oersted was the first to show in 1820 that there was an intimate connection between electricity and magnetism when he observed... 

Once in Paris, Sir Humphry Davy was presented with a sample of a newly isolated, dark-gray substance by the physicist Andre Marie Ampere (Sacks, 2001, chapter 11). Some well-known French chemists had already done some preliminary work on this material Courtois had isolated it from the ashes of a sea-weed Desormes and Clement had hypothesized it might be an element with properties similar to chlorine, which was an substance everyone knew Davy had established as an element. Now it was time for Davy to have a go. In rapid response to the challenge and with great curiosity, Davy set up his portable chemistry laboratory in his Parisian hotel room (Klopfer, 1969, p. 89). He simply had to solve the mystery residing in Airpere s gift (J. Davy, 2001). 

Ampere am- pir, -per [Andre-Marie Ampere] (1881) n. (A) The primary electrical unit of the SI system, upon which all other electrical units are based. The ampere itself is defined as that current, which, if maintained in two long, parallel, fine wires located Im apart in a vacuum, will produce between these conductors a force of 2 X 10 N/m of length. Practically, an ampere is the current that flows between two points connected with an electric resistance of one ohm when their potential difference is IV. 

Hofmann, James R., David Knight, and Sally Gregory Kohlstedt, eds. Andre-Marie Ampere Enlightenment and Electrodynamics. Gambridge, England Cambridge University Press, 1996. 

If Cantor is correct about Faraday s initial reluctance to work mathematically, especially algebraically, it was certainly reinforced be some of his life experiences as a scientist. To take one example Andr -Marie Ampere s theory of electro-dynamics was extremely mathematical and yet failed completely to predict the electro-magnetic rotations which Faraday discovered experimentally in September 1821. This phenomenon he subsequently used to criticise severely Ampere s theories to such an extent that Pearce Williams has argued that Ampere refrained from ever again venturing physical hypotheses (11). 

In his book Philosophy of Sciences published in 1836, Andre Marie Ampere made use of the strange term cyber-netique, which in its modern concept denotes the multi-scient robot of self-organizing machine. It is reasonable to assume that computer-controlled cybermachines, such as the coupled instruments, will soon become essential tools in every modern analytical laboratory. 

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