AMPA glutamate receptors

This, in turn, results in increased levels of phosphorylation of several CaMKII substrates that contribute to increased synaptic strength. These include AMPA glutamate receptors and the transcription factor CREB. 

The ampakines are a group of compounds that facilitate transmission by stimulating the AMPA glutamate receptors (see p. 58). The AMPA receptor is believed to play a major role in long-term potentiation, a physiological process that is important in memory formation. Experimental studies in aged rats have already shown that the ampakines can reverse age-associated memory loss but their activity in Alzheimer s patients has yet to be determined. 

NBQX (FG 9202) is a quinoxaline-sulphonamide that is a (AMPA) GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST with ANTICONVULSANT and experimental NEUROPROTECTive actions. It is used as a pharmacological tool. 

Martin LJ, Blackstone CD, Levey AI, Huganir RL, Price DL. 1993. Cellular localizations of AMPA glutamate receptors within the basal forebrain magnocellular complex of rat and monkey. J Neurosci 13 2249-2263. 

Conti F, Minelli A, Brecha NC (1994a) Cellular localization and laminar distribution of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits mRNAs and proteins in the rat cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 550 241-259. 

Racca C, Catania MV, Monyer H, Sakmann B (1996) Expression of AMPA-glutamate receptor B subunit in rat hippocampal GABAergic interneurons. Eur J Neurosci 5 1580-1590. 

Ginsberg SD, Price DL, Blackstone CD, Huganir RL, Martin LJ (1995) The AMPA glutamate receptor GluR3 is enriched in oxytocinergic magnocellular neurons and is localized at synapses. Neuroscience 65 563-575. 

Kristensen P (1993) Differential expression of AMPA glutamate receptor mRNAs in the rat adrenal gland. FEBS Lett 372 14-18. 

McDonald AJ (1996) Localization of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits in subpopulations of non-pyramidal neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. Neurosci Lett 208 175-178. 

Marin C, Jimenez A, Bonastre M et al (2001) LY293558, an AMPA glutamate receptor antagonist, prevents and reverses levodopa-induced motor alterations in Parkinsonian rats. Synapse 42 40—47... 

FIGURE 3.4 Effect of endocannabinoids on AMPA glutamate receptor. In Xenopus oocytes expressing the recombinant rat GluIT3 subunit of AMPA receptor, anandamide, 2-arachidonyl glycerol, and noladin ether inhibited kainate-activated currents. The order of potency of the endocannabinoids in inhibiting receptor currents in oocytes was anandamide > 2-arachidonyl glycerol > noladin ether. 

Akinshola B.E., Fryar E.B., Taylor R.E., Onaivi E.S. (2002) Cannabinoid and vanilloid agonist sensitivities of AMPA glutamate receptor subunits. Drug Alcohol. Depend. 66, S5 12. 

Gozal D, Xue YD, Simakajomboon N. Hypoxia induces c-Fos protein expression in NMDA but not AMPA glutamate receptor labeled neiuons within the nucleus tractus sohtarii of the conscious rat. Neurosci Lett 1999 262 93-96. 

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