Amoebae

The AMOEBA (atomic multipole optimized energetics for biomolecular applications) force field, developed by Ponder, Ren, and coworkers, utilizes atomic multipoles to represent permanent electrostatics and induced atomic 

AMOEBA has been implemented in several widely used software packages including TINKER, OpenMM, AMBER, and Force Field The AMOEBA polarizable force field was first implemented 

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Related amoeba that cause infections of lower iacidence but greater severity are the iavasive organisms JSlaegleria fowleri and species of Jicanthamoeba such as M. castellanii polyphaga. These amoeba are free-living ia the soil or warm fresh water, occur widely, and affect many animals but have no... 

Isolation and Identification of Giardia Cysts, Cryptosporidium Oocysts and Eree Living Pathogenic Amoebae in Water etc., 1989... 

Amoeba (plural, amoebae) Protozoa that can alter their cell shape, usually by the extrusion of one or more pseudopodia. 

ArndbOt /. (Zodl.) amoeba, ameba. amorph, amorpbiacht a. amorpho js. amortisieren, v.t. amortize. 

The production of the polymer depends on several factors such as the composition of the growth medium, the time of harvest, and the particular stage of the life-cycle of organism under consideration. Eor P. polycephalum only plasmodia are the producers of j8-poly(L-malate) neither amoebae nor spherules (specialized cell forms that can survive unfavorable environmental conditions)... 

Fukui, Y., Lynch, T.J., Brzeska, H., Korn, E.D. (1989). Myosin 1 is located at the leading edges of locomoting Dictyostelium amoebae. Nature 341, 328-331. 

Nonmuscle/smooth muscle myosins-Il are structurally similar to striated muscle myosin-II, but they have slower rates of ATP hydrolysis than do their striated muscle counterparts. Nonmuscle/smooth muscle myosin-II is also regulated differently than striated muscle myosin-II. Nonmuscle myosin-II is divided into the invertebrate and vertebrate branches (Cheney et al., 1993). This group is ubiquitous because it is present in most lower organisms, such as slime molds, amoeba, sea urchins, etc., and in virtually all mammalian nonmuscle cells. Smooth muscle myosin-II is also somewhat heterogeneous in that at least three separate forms of smooth muscle heavy chains, with molecular weights of 196,000, 200,000, and 204,000 have been identified (Kawamoto and Adelstein, 1987). The physiological properties of these separate myosin heavy chains are not yet known. 

The Locomotion of Amoeba The Locomotion of Fibroblastic Cell Types The Locomotion of Leukocytes The Behavior of Locomoting Cells The Role of the Cytoskeleton in Cell Locomotion The Microtubule-Based Cytoskeleton The Intermediate Filament-Based Cytoskeleton The Microfilament-Based Cytoskeleton The Organization of Microfilaments in Cells Microfilament Dynamics and Cell Locomotion Sites of Lamellar Protrusion May Be Determined by the Nucleation of Actin Polymerization... 

Koonce, M.P., Schliwa, M. (1986). Reactivation of organelle movements along the cytoskeletal ftamework of a giant amoeba. J. Cell Biol. 103, 605-612. 

Unmodified antisense PNA oligomers were also recently shown to downregu-late targeted genes in an amoeba (Entamoeba histolytica) [68]. These results suggest the potential development of PNA as a new class of antimicrobial drugs. 

E. T. Elliott, D. C. Coleman, and C. V. Cole, The influence of amoebae on the uptake of nitrogen by plants in gnotobiotic soil. The Soil-Boot Interface (J. L. Harley and R. Scott Rus.sell, ed.). Academic Press, London, 1979, p. 221. 

W. D. Gould, D. C. Coleman, and A. J. Rubink, Effect of bacteria and amoebae on rhizosphere phosphatase activity. Appl. Environ Microbiol. 37 943 (1979). 

Stool testing for ova and parasites may identify Clostridium difficile and amoeba as possible causes of diarrhea rather than IBS. 

As electric fields and potential of molecules can be generated upon distributed p, the second order energies schemes of the SIBFA approach can be directly fueled by the density fitted coefficients. To conclude, an important asset of the GEM approach is the possibility of generating a general framework to perform Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBC) simulations. Indeed, such process can be used for second generation APMM such as SIBFA since PBC methodology has been shown to be a key issue in polarizable molecular dynamics with the efficient PBC implementation [60] of the multipole based AMOEBA force field [61]. 

Piquemal J-P, Perera L, Cisneros GA, Ren P, Pedersen LG, Darden TA (2006) Towards accurate solvation dynamics of divalent cations in water using the polarizable Amoeba force field from energetics to structure. J Chem Phys 125 054511... 

Ren P, Ponder JW (2003) Temperature and pressure dependence of AMOEBA water model. J Phys Chem B 107 5933... 

More recently, Ponder and co-workers [40-48] developed the AMOEBA force field based on a modification of the formulation of Applequist [49] and Thole [50], It is based on a modification of Eq. (9-3) with the static electric field due to permanent charges replaced by permanent multipoles ... 

In the AMOEBA force field the permanent atomic multipoles are determined from QM calculations [40], The prescription considers that the resulting multipoles on the atoms result from two components, the permanent and the induced moments ... 

We shall start by clustering animals and scientists (separately). Living creatures display a remarkable diversity some species have few features in common, while others are very alike. An elephant is not much like an amoeba, beyond the fact that they are both alive, but leopards and cheetahs share many characteristics. 

Cultures for amoebae have improved detection in some studies, but they are not widely used. Although Giardia spp. have been cultured in research laboratories, cultures are not useful for diagnosis. 

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