Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning ASP

Domoic acid (Fig. 28,80) (263) is a neuro-phycotoxin responsible for the mortality of wildlife and for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) of humans during algal bloom. Domoic acid was first isolated from the red alga Chondria armata ( domoi in Japanese), and it is produced also by diatoms, such as Pseudo-nitzschia spp. For the latter, evidence has been presented that it is involved in iron acquisition (307). 

Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) was first identified in 1987 from Prince Edward Island, Canada after four people died from eating contaminated mussels. It is caused by domoic acid produced by several species of Pseudonitzschia diatoms. The main contamination problems include mussels, clams, and crabs of the Pacific Northwest of the United States and Canada. 

The term amnesic shellfish poison (ASP) has been coined for this new shellfish toxin. The causative organism of ASP was then identified to be the pennate diatom Nitzschia pungens Grunow f. multiseries Hasle, a bloom of which contaminated the cultured mussels in eastern Prince Edward Island in 1987. 

Marine biotoxins are prodnced by marine organisms. They have led to numerous cases of seafood poisoning, resulting in various syndromes, such as diarrhetic (DSP), paralytic (PSP), and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). 

Domoic acid, causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) Dinoflagellate toxins... 

Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), by the domoic acid (DA) group... 

The incidence of amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) is unknown, bnt appears to be low as only one confirmed ontbreak of hnman illness has been reported, which occnrred in 1987 and involved over 150 people, 19 hospitalizations, and 4 deaths. Following the detection of domoic acid in razor clams in the State of Washington, an epidemiologic investigation was condncted to identify possible cases of hnman illness [118], Among 127 persons who had recently eaten razor clams, no illness was identified. 

International Oceanographic Commission. Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, ASP. HAB Publication series. Vol. 1, Manual and Guides No. 31. UNESCO, 1995. 

Quilliam, M.A., Chemical methods for domoic acid, the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin, in Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae, Hallegraeff, G.M., Anderson, D.M., and Cembella, A.D., Eds., Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (UNESCO), Paris, 2003, vol. 11, chapter 9. Johannessen, J.N., Stahihty of domoic acid in saline dosing solutions, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. Int., 83,411,2000. 

Blanco, J. et al.. Depuration and anatomical distribution of the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin domoic acid in the king scallop Pecten maximus. Aquat. Toxicol, 60, 111, 2002. 

EC, Commission Decision of March 15, 2002 estabhshing special health checks for the harvesting and processing of certain bivalve mohuscs with a level of amnesic shellfish poison (ASP) exceeding the hmit laid down by Council Directive 91/492/EEC (2002/226/EC), Off. J. Eur. Communities, L75, 65, 2002. 

Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) Domoic acid Pseudo-nitzschia Neurotoxic HPLC-UV LC-MS/MS... 

Blanco, J., Livramento, F., and Rangel, I,M, (2010) Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxins in plankton and molluscs from Luanda Bay, Angola. Toxicon, 55, 541—546. 

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