Ammunition analysis

A.B. Wenzel et al, An Economic Analysis of the Use of Suppressive Structures in the Army Lone Star Ammunition Plant, 105mm, High-Explosive Melt-Pour Facility ,... 

Swearengen, Thomas F. Tear Gas Munitions An Analysis of Commercial Riot Gas Guns, Tear Gas Projectiles, Grenades, Small Arms Ammunition, and Related Tear Gas Devices. Springfield, IL Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1966. 

F. T., "Hazard Evaluation and Risk Analysis of the NC Thermal Dehy Facility - Bldg. 3507," Report No. HA-79-R-2, Hercules Aerospace Division, Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford,... 

For onsite analysis, the examination of the vast number of samples necessitates the use of quick, reliable, field portable equipment that can rapidly, quantitatively verify the many chemically different types of ammunition, explosives, and pyrotechnics. The most common suite of analytes to detect is large, consisting of very chemically different compounds and usually occurs at trace levels in complex environmental matrices. This suite encompasses smokeless powders, black powders, and numerous propellant and energetic formulations. Detection should also be sought for common decomposition products of these explosives such as the methylanalines, aminonitrotoluenes, nitrotoluenes, mono- and dinitoroglycerines, and the nitrobenzenes under on-site conditions. 

Uses/Sources. Manufacture of rat poisons for smoke screens gas analysis fireworks in ammunitions such as mortar, artillery shells, and grenades the elemental material is produced as a by-product in the production of phosphate fertilizer it does not occur in the elemental state in nature... 

Suter, Edgar A. Assault Weapons Revisited— An Analysis of the AMA Report. Joarw / of the Medical Association of Georgia, vol. 85, May 1994, n.p. Criticizes the American Medical Association report Assault Weapons as a Public Health Hazard in the United States. Suter argues that the high ammunition capacity of such weapons is usually irrelevant because only a few shots are fired in most incidents other than well-publicized mass shootings. Suter also accuses the report for relying only on unsubstantiated anecdotal data. 

A site-specific, cost-benefit analysis is required to determine if an active remediation system or MNA would be the most effective remediation option (D11322U, p. 8). In 1999, the U.S. Army prepared an analysis of the cost of MNA, in situ bioremediation, and pump-and-treat systems for the treatment of explosives-contaminated groundwater at the Louisiana Army Ammunition Plant in Min den, Louisiana (D22026Y). This comparison is summarized in Table 1. 

A formal international requirement for insensitivity was raised as far back as 1984 by NATO s Conference of National Armament Directors (CNAD) AC/310 Partnership Group on Safety and Suitability for Service Munitions and Explosives . As a result, a pilot NATO Insensitive Munitions Information Center (NIMIC) was set-up in the USA in 1988. Subsequently, after a couple of years when technologies for production of most ammunition of insensitive types were available and implementation and fielding was more important, the name NIMIC was changed to NATO s Munitions Safety Information Analysis Center (MSIAC) in December 2004. The advantages derived as a result of implementation of IM Policy are briefly described in Chapter 6 (Section 6.8). 

To attack nuclear power, they needed ammunition, and it was readily found. They only had to go through the nuclear power risk analysis literature and pick out some of the imagined accident scenarios with the number of deaths expected from them. Of course, they ignored the very tiny probabilities of occurrence attached to these scenarios, and they never considered the fact that alternative technologies were causing far more deaths. Quoting from the published scientific analyses gave the environmentalists credibility and even made them seem like technical experts. 

Aluminum Powder Flaked, Grained and Atomized" (for use in ammunition) 2)US Spec JAN-A-512, "Aluminum Powdered" (Grained or Atomized)(from secondary metal) (for use in pyrotechnics or in incendiary "thermite") 3)US Spec JAN-A-667, "Aluminum Powder, Superfine" 4)US Spec JAN-M-454, "Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy, Powdered" 5)W.W.Scott N.H.Furman, "Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis, "Van No strand, NY(1939) 6)H.V. Churchill... 

The use of activation analysis in criminal investigations (forensic activation analysis) is also well established. The basic idea here is to match the trace-element distributions found in bullets, paint, oil, and so on found at the scene of a crime with the trace-element distributions in objects found with criminal suspects. Such identification is rapid and nondestructive (allowing the actual evidence to be presented in court). Moreover, the probability of its correctness can be ascertained quantitatively. Other prominent examples of the use of forensic activation analysis involve confirmation of the notion that Napoleon was poisoned (by finding significant amounts of arsenic in hair from his head) and the finding that the activation analysis of the wipe samples taken from a suspect s hand can reveal not only if he or she has fired a gun recently but also the type of gun and ammunition used. 

Figure 6.2 demonstrates this in the case of a ground water sample from the former ammunition site in Elsnig (Germany). Many unknown compounds could be identified in the non-target analysis, e.g. 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid (2,4-DNBA) and 3,5-dinitrophenol (3,5-DNP) which are major components (see Figure 6.2(a) and Table 6.1). 

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