Ammonium persulfate, oxidant

Oxidized Starches. Alkaline hypochlorite treatment introduces carboxyl and carbonyl groups, effects some depolymerization, and produces whiter (bleached) products that produce softer, clearer gels. Ammonium persulfate is used in some paper mills with continuous thermal cookers to prepare in situ bigb solids, low viscosity dispersions. Most of the hypochlorite-oxidized starch and all the ammonium persulfate-oxidized starch is used in the paper industry. The low solution viscosity and good binding and adhesive properties of these products make them especially effective in high solids, pigmented... 

Another exciting new approach to the synthesis of defect-free PAn is self-stabilized dispersion polymerization (SSDP), recently reported by Lee and coworkers.84 In this process, aniline solution in aqueous HC1 was added to a chloroform-water mixture and stirred to give a cloudy colloid to which was added ammonium persulfate oxidant in HC1, producing the green ES product. The difference between SDDP and... 

Polymerization on colloidal cerium oxide particles In the presence of ammonium persulfate (oxidant) and dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (dopant)... 

TABLE 4. HPG Broken at 158 F Using Ammonium Persulfate Oxidant Breaker... 

Polyacrylamide gels are made by polymerization of acrylamide (toxic) with N, -methylenebisacrylamide in the presence of free radicals generated from either ammonium persulfate (oxidative chemical initiator) or riboflavin-5 -phosphate (photochemical initiator). The reaction is controlled by equimolar concentrations of N,N,N, N -tetramethylethylene diamine (TEMED) as catalyst. 

Various oxidation reagents have been used iodine (148, 149). ammonium persulfate (149). and HIO4 (149). Unsymmetrical disulfides... 

The most suitable oxidizing agent is potassium ferricyanide, but ferric chloride, hydrogen peroxide ia the presence of ferrous salts, ammonium persulfate, lead dioxide, lead tetraacetate or chromate, or silver and cupric salts may be useful. Water mixed, eg, with methanol, dimethylformamide, or glycol ethers, is employed as reaction medium. 

We have already noted (Section 4.04.2.1.4(xi)) that alkyl groups on pyrazoles are oxidized with permanganate to carboxylic acids. Silver nitrate and ammonium persulfate transform 4-ethyl-1-methylpyrazole (436) into the ketone (437) (72JHC1373). The best yield was obtained starting with the alcohol (438) and using an acid dichromate solution as oxidizing agent. 

The total cerium content in the single crystal samples on the basis of rare-earth elements is determined by photometry after Ce(III) oxidation by ammonium persulfate. The Ce(III) content is calculated from the difference. Comparison of the determination results of the total cerium content obtained by photometric and atomic emission methods for Li GdlBO ljiCe demonstrated the elaborated procedure precision and systematic error absence. 

Although these compds are readily formed, they are also readily decompd, eg by the addition of a solvent that dissolves one of the two constituents. The nature of these non-covalent compds is discussed by Urbanski (Ref 35) Picric Acid is not resistant to strong oxidizing agents. It is oxidized by boiling nitric acid to yield oxalic add. Boiling with ammonium persulfate results in a complete oxidation, according to the equation ... 

An account of a serious warehouse explosion (15 dead, 141 injured). The two principal detonations were mostly due to ammonium nitrate, of which some hundred tonnes had been present, but the initiating fire was first observed in ammonium persulfate. This had been promiscuously stored alongside potassium permanganate, matches, potassium nitrate and sodium sulphide (or possibly sulphite), inter alia. None of these would improve the safety of ammonium persulfate. It was shown that the persulphate gives an immediate exothermic reaction with the sulphide. This was ascribed as the ultimate initiation. It was concluded that oxidants and... 

The synthesis of polyaniline and copolymers of aniline with o-nitroaniline is aimed at obtaining an electroactive material. This material can be used, for example, as an electrode in conjunction with the magnesium electrode to construct chemical power sources. The polymers were prepared by oxidation of aniline or its mixture with nitroaniline ammonium persulfate in aqueous hydrochloric... 

DAAzF (26) can be oxidized with a mixture of 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide, sodium tungstate and ammonium persulfate in concentrated sulfuric acid to yield... 

Oxidation with ammonium persulfate and dilute caustic soda gives bismuth tetroxide, Bi204. The same product can be obtained by using other oxidizing agents such as potassium ferricyanide and concentrated caustic potash solution. 

Olefins also undergo the Ritter reaction with nitriles in the presence of diphenyl diselenide, ammonium persulfate, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to produce oxazolines.When cyanamide is used, 2-aminooxazolines are obtained. The active electrophilic agent is phenylselenyl sulfate formed by oxidation of diphenylselenide with ammonium persulfate. The reaction is trans-stereospecific. 

N-Nitrosamines have been oxidized to the corresponding N-ni-tramines. Trifluoroperacetic acid and nitric acid/ammonium persulfate are the reagents of choice for this purpose. 

Ammonium persulfate 134 oxidation of the amino functionality of the 4-aminotriazolooxadiazole 133 yielded the nitro derivative 17 as a thick yellow/orange oil which exploded violently upon heating at 160°C in a closed capillary tube (Scheme 18) <1993HCA1>. Oxidative transformations of 133 have also been used to access 135 and 136 containing azo and azoxy fragments, respectively (Scheme 19) <1999MI1>. 

The structurally related diindolocarbazoles are produced as a mixture of isomers in moderate yields by the ammonium persulfate-mediated oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindoles in aqueous acidic media <1998JOC7002>. 

Oxidation/bleaching Treatment with peracetic acid and/or hydrogen peroxide, or sodium hypochlorite or sodium chlorite, or sulfur dioxide, or potassium permanganate or ammonium persulfate... 

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