Ammonium chlorate, decomposition

The converse obviously applies to ammonium nitrate explosives, which must not contain any chlorates, since during storage a double exchange reaction may occur resulting in the formation of ammonium chlorate (p. 476, Vol. II), an unstable substance which decomposes spontaneously. A number of patents were taken out between 1880 and 1895, for explosives based on the use of ammonium chlorate or mixtures of ammonium nitrate with potassium or sodium chlorate. Many accidents which occurred through the spontaneous decomposition of these explosives proved the impossibility of using mixtures containing both chlorates and ammonium salts (Hantke [79]). 

Ammonium chlorate, NH4C103, is a substance that undergoes explosive decomposition according to the equation ... 

Ammonium perchlorate and potassium chlorate cause a double decomposition to produce ammonium chlorate and potassium perchlorate when they are mixed in wet state ... 

Melhylaminc nitrate Teiramcthylammonium nitrate Guanidine nitrate Nitrates of aromatic amines Ammonium chlorate Ammonium perchlorate Crystal structure and physical properties Thermal decomposition and burning of A P Thermal decomposition of irradiated ammonium perchlorate Influence of pressure on burning of A P Density and critical diameter... 

The reaction (1) proceeds toward the right side because the KCIO4 has the minimum solubility of all. This reaction creates very dangerous ammonium chlorate which easily causes a spontaneous decomposition. 

For example, double decomposition ( metathesis ) to produce ammonium chlorate (spontaneously explosive) or ammonium nitrate (hygroscopic). 

Pyrotechnic mixtures may also contain additional components that are added to modify the bum rate, enhance the pyrotechnic effect, or serve as a binder to maintain the homogeneity of the blended mixture and provide mechanical strength when the composition is pressed or consoHdated into a tube or other container. These additional components may also function as oxidizers or fuels in the composition, and it can be anticipated that the heat output, bum rate, and ignition sensitivity may all be affected by the addition of another component to a pyrotechnic composition. An example of an additional component is the use of a catalyst, such as iron oxide, to enhance the decomposition rate of ammonium perchlorate. Diatomaceous earth or coarse sawdust may be used to slow up the bum rate of a composition, or magnesium carbonate (an acid neutralizer) may be added to help stabilize mixtures that contain an acid-sensitive component such as potassium chlorate. Binders include such materials as dextrin (partially hydrolyzed starch), various gums, and assorted polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol), epoxies, and polyesters. Polybutadiene mbber binders are widely used as fuels and binders in the soHd propellant industry. The production of colored flames is enhanced by the presence of chlorine atoms in the pyrotechnic flame, so chlorine donors such as poly(vinyl chloride) or chlorinated mbber are often added to color-producing compositions, where they also serve as fuels. 

The stabilities of the ammonium halates increase in the sequence NH4Br03 < NH4CIO3 < NH4IO3 [940]. Decompositions of the chlorate... 

The usual oxidizer in the fire triangle is oxygen in the air. However, gases such as fluorine and chlorine liquids such as peroxides and chlorates and solids such as ammonium nitrate and some metals can serve the role of an oxidizer. Exothermic decomposition, without oxygen, is also possible, e.g., with ethylene oxide or acetylene. 

In the last-named case the reaction is dangerously explosive and should only be carried out with small quantities of the reagents. Ozone is also formed during the decomposition by heat of potassium chlorate, and by the action of nitric acid, preferably of density 1-33, on ammonium persulphate1 carefully warmed up to 65° to 75° C. The liberated gases are washed with caustic-potash solution and contain from 3 to 5 per cent, of ozone. 

A cheddite containing ammonium perchlorate has the following composition 82 per cent, ammonium perchlorate, 13 per cent, dinitro-toluene, and 5 per cent, castor oil. HC1 is evolved in its decomposition, and is not entirely prevented from forming by the addition of sodium nitrate. It possesses, in a high degree, the disadvantage, shared by chlorate cheddites, that it easily becomes hard, and is then not completely detonated. 

AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE or sec-AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE or AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC or AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC (7783-28-0, dibasic 7722-76-1,monobasic) HgN04P (monobasic) H9N2O4P (dibasic) Noncombustible solid. Contact with air slowly forms anhydrous ammonia. Contact with caustics forms anhydrous ammonia gas. Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, potassium chlorate sodium hypochlorite strong bases. Reacts with antimony(V) pentafluoride lead diacetate magnesium, silver nitrate zinc acetate. Heat of decomposition produces toxic fiimes of ammonia and phosphorus oxides. 

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