Ammonia balancing chemical equations

A chemical synthesis requires the proper amounts of starting materials for a successful outcome. Just as a cake recipe provides the amounts of ingredients needed for successful baking, a balanced chemical equation is a chemical recipe for successful synthesis. For example, how many grams of hydrogen do we need to produce 68 g of ammonia To find out, we begin with the balanced chemical equation N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3... 

A table of amounts is a convenient way to organize the data and summarize the calculations of a stoichiometry problem. Such a table helps to identify the limiting reactant, shows how much product will form during the reaction, and indicates how much of the excess reactant will be left over. A table of amounts has the balanced chemical equation at the top. The table has one column for each substance involved in the reaction and three rows listing amounts. The first row lists the starting amounts for all the substances. The second row shows the changes that occur during the reaction, and the last row lists the amounts present at the end of the reaction. Here is a table of amounts for the ammonia example ... 

In Chap. 7, the balanced chemical equation was introduced. The equation expresses the ratios of numbers of formula units of each chemical involved in the reaction. Thus, for the reaction of nitrogen with hydrogen to produce ammonia ... 

The balanced chemical equation may also be used to express the ratios of moles of reactants and products involved. Thus, for the reaction whose equation is given above, 1 mol of N, reacts with 3 mol of H 2 to produce 2 mol of NH,. It is also true that 4 mol of nitrogen can react with 12 mol of hydrogen to produce 8 mol of ammonia, and so on. 

As we have discussed previously, the balanced chemical equation not only indicates which chemical species are the reactants and the products, but also indicates the relative ratio of reactants and products. Consider the balanced equation of the Haber process for the production of ammonia ... 

This balanced equation can be read as 1 nitrogen molecule reacts with 3 hydrogen molecules to produce 2 ammonia molecules. But as indicated previously, the coefficients can stand not only for the number of atoms or molecules (microscopic level), they can also stand for the number of moles of reactants or products. The equation can also be read as 1 mol of nitrogen molecules reacts with 3 mol of hydrogen molecules to produce 2 mol of ammonia molecules. And if the number of moles is known, the number of grams or molecules can be calculated. This is stoichiometry, the calculation of the amount (mass, moles, particles) of one substance in a chemical reaction through the use of another. The coefficients in a balanced chemical equation define the mathematical relationship between the reactants and products, and allow the conversion from moles of one chemical species in the reaction to another. 

You are starting with moles of nitrogen and want moles of ammonia, so we ll convert from moles of nitrogen to moles of ammonia by using the ratio of moles of ammonia to moles of nitrogen as defined by the balanced chemical equation ... 

Let us consider the Haber reaction once more. Suppose that 50.0 g of nitrogen and 40.0 g of hydrogen were allowed to react. Calculate the number of grams of ammonia that could be formed. First, write the balanced chemical equation ... 

Coefficients in a balanced chemical equation are typically taken to represent moles. For the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to form ammonia, the equation... 

In many instances, the ratio of reactants available is different than that given by the balanced chemical equation. When this happens, the reactant in the smallest relative abundance is said to be limiting, while the other reactant is referred to as the excess reactant. Again, using the ammonia reaction, we see the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen is 3 to 1. If three moles of both... 

The concentration of nitrate ion in a basic solution can be determined by the following sequence of steps (1) zinc metal reduces nitrate ions to ammonia in a basic aqueous solution (2) the ammonia is passed into a solution containing a known, but excess, amount of HCl(aq) (3) the unreacted HCl(aq) is titrated with a standard NaOH(aq) solution, (a) Write balanced chemical equations for the three reactions. 

Calcium oxide is used to dry ammonia gas in its laboratory preparation. Write a word and balanced chemical equation to show how calcium oxide can react with the water vapour to remove it from damp ammonia gas. 

The relative number of reacting and resulting molecules are indicated by the coefficients associated with the molecules. For example, the combustion of ammonia in oxygen is described by the balanced chemical equation... 

Ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride gas react to form a solid compound. Predict what the solid compound is. Then write a balanced chemical equation. 

Ammonia can be prepared industrially from its elements, using a process called the Haber Process. The Haber Process is based on the balanced chemical equation below. 

So the chemical equation N2(g) + 3H2(g) -> 2NH3(g) also means that 1 mol of nitrogen molecules reacts with 3 mol of hydrogen molecules to form 2 mol of ammonia molecules. The relationships between moles in a balanced chemical equation are called mole ratios. For example, the mole ratio of nitrogen to hydrogen in the equation above is 1 mol N2 3 mol H2. The mole ratio of hydrogen to ammonia is 3 mol H2 2 mol NH3. 

Magnesium nitride reacts with water to produce magnesium hydroxide and ammonia gas, NH3 according to the balanced chemical equation... 

As you have learned, the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation represent moles as well as particles. Therefore, you can use the molar masses of reactants and products to determine the mass ratios for a reaction. For example, consider the equation for the formation of ammonia ... 

Under certain conditions of temperature and pressure, hydrogen and nitrogen react to produce ammonia (NH3). Write the balanced chemical equation and determine the mass of ammonia prodnced if 3.50 mol H2 reacts with 5.00 mol N2. 

You have learned that some chemical systems have little tendency to react and others go readily to completion. In between these two extremes are the majority of reactions that reach a state of equilibrium with varying amounts of reactants unconsumed. If the reactants are not consumed, then not all the product predicted by the balanced chemical equation will be produced. According to the equation for the ammonia-producing reaction, two moles of ammonia should be produced when one mole of nitrogen and three moles of hydrogen react. Because the reaction reaches a state of equilibrium, however, fewer than two moles of ammonia will actually be obtained. Chemists need to be able to predict the yield of a reaction. 

Ammonia (NH3) is an important and useful gas. Suggest a way to generate it from ammonium bromide (NH4Br). Include a balanced chemical equation. 

If confined at high temperature, ammonia and oxygen quickly react and come to equilibrium with their products, water vapor and nitrogen oxide. Write a balanced chemical equation and an equilibrium expression for this system. 

Silicon nitride resists all acids except hydrofluoric, with which it reacts to give silicon tetrafluoride and ammonia. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 

Which of the following represents a balanced chemical equation for the production of ammonia ... 

As you review this problem, note that nitrogen and hydrogen are related in terms of moles, not mass. In chemical reactions, when substances react, their particles react. Ammonia gas is synthesized from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas according to the balanced chemical equation below. 

The amount of ammonia formed depends upon the number of nitrogen molecules present and the mole ratio of nitrogen and ammonia in the balanced chemical equation. 

Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to form ammonia gas (NH3). The heat of reaction is —46 kj/mol NH3. Write a balanced chemical equation that includes the reaction heat. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic ... 

Example Problem 13.8 shows how to use a volume of nitrogen gas to produce a certain amount of ammonia. In doing this type of problem, remember that the balanced chemical equation allows you to find ratios for only moles and gas volumes, not for masses. All masses given must be converted to moles or volumes before being used as part of a ratio. Also, remember that the temperature units used must be kelvin. 

The two reactants combine to form a single product, ammonia, NH3, which is not shown. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. Based on the equation and the contents of the left (reactants) box, find how many NH3 molecules should be shown in the right (products) box. (a) 2, (b) 3, (c) 4, (d) 6, (e) 9. 

Borazine, (BH)3(NH)3, is an analog of CgHg, benzene. It can be prepared from the reaction of diborane with ammonia, with hydrogen as another product or from lithium borohy-dride and ammonium chloride, with lithium chloride and hydrogen as the other products, (a) Write balanced chemical equations for the production of borazine using both synthetic methods, (b) Draw the Lewis dot structure of borazine. 

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is extremely toxic, but it is used in the production of several important plastics. In the most common method for producing HCN, ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) react with oxygen (Oj) to give HCN and water. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. 

Ammonia can react with oxygen gas to form nitrogen dioxide and water, (a) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction, (b) Use tabulated data to determine the free energy change for the reaction and comment on its spontaneity, (c) Use tabulated data to calculate the enthalpy change of the reaction. 

The balanced chemical equation allows you to do the same thing. For example, look at my favorite reaction, the Haber process, which is a method for preparing ammonia (NH3) by reacting nitrogen gas with hydrogen gas ... 

In order to figure out which reactant is the limiting reactant, you can calculate the mole-to-coefficient ratio You calculate the number of moles of both ammonia and oxygen, and then you divide each by their coefficient in the balanced chemical equation. The one rith the smallest mole-to-coefficient ratio is the limiting reactant. For the reaction of ammonia to nitric oxide, you can calculate the mole-to-coefficient ratio for the ammonia and oxygen like this ... 

A typical word statement of a chemical reaction is, Ammonia reacts with sulfuric acid to yield anunonium sulfate. The compounds or the ions involved in them have been given earlier in this book. Using correct chemical formulas, show the unbalanced and balanced chemical equations for this reaction. 

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