Amino liquid chromatography

Adapted from Jones, B. V., Pddbo,. S ., and. Stein,. S ., 1981. Amino aeid analysis and enzymie seqnenee determination of peptides by an improved, o-phthaldialdehyde preeolnmn labeling pro-Journal of Liquid. Chromatography 4 56—586.)... 

Figure 12.22 SFC-GC analysis of aromatic fraction of a gasoline fuel, (a) SFC trace (b) GC ttace of the aromatic cut. SFC conditions four columns (4.6 mm i.d.) in series (silica, silver-loaded silica, cation-exchange silica, amino-silica) 50 °C 2850 psi CO2 mobile phase at 2.5 niL/min FID detection. GC conditions methyl silicone column (50 m X 0.2 mm i.d.) injector split ratio, 80 1 injector temperature, 250 °C earner gas helium temperature programmed, — 50 °C (8 min) to 320 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min FID detection. Reprinted from Journal of Liquid Chromatography, 5, P. A. Peaden and M. L. Lee, Supercritical fluid chromatography methods and principles , pp. 179-221, 1987, by courtesy of Marcel Dekker Inc.

Pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), introduced by Johnson and LaCourse (64, 65) has greatly enhanced the scope of liquid chromatography/electrochemistry (66). This detection mode overcomes the problem of loss of activity of noble metal electrodes associated with the fixed-potential detection of compounds such as carbohydrates, alcohols, amino acids, or aldehydes. Pulsed amperometric detection couples tlie process of anodic detection with anodic cleaning and cathodic reactivation of a noble metal electrode, thus assuring a continuously cleaned and active... 

A further thirty years were to pass before Kuhn and his co-workers (3) successfully repeated Tswetf s original work and separated lutein and xanthine from a plant extract. Nevertheless, despite the success of Kuhn et al and the validation of Tswett s experiments, the new technique attracted little interest and progress continued to be slow and desultory. In 1941 Martin and Synge (4) introduced liquid-liquid chromatography by supporting the stationary phase, in this case water, on silica in the form of a packed bed and used it to separate some acetyl amino acids. 

Cotte, J. F., Casabianca, H., Giroud, B., Albert, M., Lheritier, J., and Grenier-Loustalot, M. F. (2004). Characterization of honey amino acid profiles using high-pressure liquid chromatography to control authenticity. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378, 1342-1350. 

Figure 8.43 Separation of enantiomers using complexation chromatography. A, Separation of alkyloxiranes on a 42 m x 0.2S mm I.O. open tubular column coated with 0.06 M Mn(II) bis-3-(pentafluoro-propionyl)-IR-camphorate in OV-ioi at 40 C. B, Separation of D,L-amino acids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using a mobile phase containing 0.005 M L-histidine methyl ester and 0.0025 M copper sulfate in an ammonium acetate buffer at pH 5.5. A stepwise gradient using increasing amounts of acetonitrile was used for this separation.

Aguilar, M. I., Hodder, A. N., and Hearn, M. T. W., High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. LXV. Studies on the optimisation of the reversed-phase gradient elution of polypeptides. Evaluation of retention relationships with (3-endorphin-related polypeptides, /. Chromatogr., 327, 115, 1985. 

Guo, D, Mant, C. T., Taneja, A. K, Parker, J. M. R., and Hodges, R. S., Prediction of peptide retention times in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. I. Determination of retention coefficients of amino acid residues of model synthetic peptides, /. Chromatogr., 359, 499, 1986. 

Dominguez, L. M. and Dunn, R. S., Analysis of OPA-derived amino sugars in tobacco by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection, /. Chromatogr. Sci., 25, 468, 1987. 

Larsen, B. R. and West, F. G., A method for quantitative amino acid analysis using precolumn o-phthaladehyde derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. Sci., 19, 259, 1981. 

Heinrikson, R. L. and Meredith, S. C., Amino acid analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate, Anal. Biochem., 136, 65, 1984. 

Cooper, J. D. H., Ogden, G., McIntosh, J., and Tumell, D. C., The stability of the o-phthaldehyde/2-mercaptoethanol derivatives of amino acids an investigation using high-pressure liquid chromatography with a precolumn derivatization technique, Anal. Biochem., 142, 98, 1984. 

Zhao, Q., Sannier, F., Garreau, I., Lecoeur, C., and Piot, J. M., Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with second-order derivative spectroscopy for the quantitation of aromatic amino acids in peptides application to hemorphins, /. Chromatogr. A, 723, 35, 1996. 

Vasanits, A. and Molnar-Perl, I., Temperature, eluent flow-rate and column effects on the retention and quantitation properties of phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives of amino acids in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr., A, 832,109, 1999. 

Hayakawa, K., Hirano, M., Yoshikawa, K., Katsumata, N, and Tanaka, T., Separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids by temperature-controlled reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 846, 73, 1999. 

Engel, M. H. and P. E. Hare (1985), Gas liquid chromatography of amino acids and their derivatives, in Barrett, G. C. (ed.), Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Chapman Hall, London, pp. 462-499. 

Gu, S Du, Y Chen, J., Liu, Z Bradbury, E.M., Hu, C.A., Chen, X. (2004). Large-scale quantitative proteomic study of PUMA-induced apoptosis using two-dimensional liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry coupled with amino acid-coded mass tagging. J. Proteome Res. 3, 1191 1200. 

Desai,M.J., Armstrong, D.W. (2004). Analysis of native amino acid and peptide enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass. Spec. 39, 177-187. 

Wen-Chen Z, Ling-Jun L, Xian-En Z et al (2008) Application of 2-(l l//-benzo[ i]carbazol-11 -yl) ethyl carbonochloridate as a precolumn derivatization reagent of amino acid by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Chin J Anal Chem 36 1071-1076... 

Watanabe Y, Imai K (1981) High-performance liquid chromatography and sensitive detection of amino acids derivatized with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-l,3-diazole. Anal Biochem 116 471—472... 

Prados P, Fukushima T, Santa T et al (1997) 4-/V,/V-Dimethylam inosu 1 lbnyl-7 -N-(2-aminoethyl)amino-benzofurazan as a new precolumn fluorescence derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids (fatty acids and drugs containing a carboxyl moiety) in liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 344 227-232... 

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