Amino acid sequences products derived from

Jia et al. (2001) have identified a 12-amino-acid synthetic peptide derived from exon 6 (based on sequence of VEGF189) that inhibits VEGF binding to HUVECs and porcine aortic ECs. It also inhibits VEGF-stimulated ERK activation and prostacyclin production. The peptide blocks the interaction of VEGF with KDR and neuropilin-1. 

Development of a peptide vaccine is derived from the identification of the immunodominant epitope of an antigen (141). A polypeptide based on the amino acid sequence of the epitope can then be synthesized. Preparation of a peptide vaccine has the advantage of allowing for large-scale production of a vaccine at relatively low cost. It also allows for selecting the appropriate T- or B-ceU epitopes to be included in the vaccine, which may be advantageous in some cases. Several vaccines based on peptide approaches, such as SPf66 (95) for malaria and an HIV-1 peptide (142) have been in clinical trials. No peptide vaccines are Hcensed as yet. 

The term "structural genomics" is used to describe how the primary sequence of amino acids in a protein relates to the function of that protein. Currently, the core of structural genomics is protein structure determination, primarily by X-ray crystallography, and the design of computer programs to predict protein fold structures for new proteins based on their amino acid sequences and structural principles derived from those proteins whose 3-dimensional structures have been determined. Plant natural product pathways are a unique source of information for the structural biologist in view of the almost endless catalytic diversity encountered in the various pathway enzymes, but based on a finite number of reaction types. Plants are combinatorial chemists par excellence, and understanding the principles that relate enzyme structure to function will open up unlimited possibilities for the... 

Three forms of purified FSH are available. Urofollitropin, also known as uFSH, is a purified preparation of human FSH that is extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women. Virtually all the LH activity has been removed through a form of immunoaffinity chromatography that uses anti-hCG antibodies. Two recombinant forms of FSH (rFSH) are also available follitropin alfa and follitropin beta. The amino acid sequences of these two products are identical to that of human FSH. They differ from each other and urofollitropin in the composition of the carbohydrate side chains. The rFSH preparations have a shorter half-life than preparations derived from human urine but stimulate estrogen secretion at least as efficiently and, in some studies, more efficiently. The rFSH preparations are considerably more expensive. 

The nucleotide sequence derived from the gene for the DCCD-reactive proteolipid from S. acidocaldarius (strain 7) indicates that the peptide has an Mr of about 10 000 [67], A partial amino-acid sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence shows considerable homology with subunit c of F-ATPases but not the Mr 16000 proteolipid of V-type ATPases. It is proposed that the proteolipid associated with V-ATPases is a product of a gene that duplicated after the V- and archaeal ATPases had differentiated [67],... 

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