Amines sources

Enamines of several methyl ketones have been prepared and their isomer content estimated by NMR spectroscopy (13,39,43). The reaction of Ti[N(CH3)2l4 as the amine source and 3-methyl-2-butanone gave only 26 (Ri = Rj = CH3), which could be isomerized by prolonged heating to a 1 1 mixture ofthatenamine and enamine 27 (R, = Rj = CH3)(39). The reaction of morpholine and 3-methyl-2-butanone in benzene with a trace of acetic... 

Hypochlorite Salts., Hypochlorites are powerful oxidants and therefore may degrade polymeric chains. They are often used in combination with tertiary amines [1846]. The combination of the salt and the tertiary amine increases the reaction rate more than the application of a hypochlorite alone. A tertiary amino galactomannan may serve as an amine source [1062]. This also serves as a thickener before breaking. Hypochlorites are also effective for breaking stabilized fluids [1817]. Sodium thiosulfate has been proposed as a stabilizer for high-temperature applications. 

The desired long spacer necessary to allow multiple branch construction, was obtained with commercial tetra(ethylene glycol) which was readily modified into aminoacetal 21 in five steps (Scheme 8). Using 21 as an amine source, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrons were prepared according to published protocol using reiterative cycles of methyl acrylate and ethylenediamine reactions. The terminal amines of each generation (G = 1, G = 2 and G = 3, 22a-c) were obtained quantitatively from each of the half generation methyl ester precursors. 

Unsubstituted 5-aminopyrimidine derivatives can also be prepared by the use of benzophenone imine 132 as the amine source, as demonstrated by the synthesis of 2- /7-butyl-5-pyrimidinamine 135 from the bromide 133 via the imine 134 <20060PD70>. 

An alternative procedure, using sulfuric acid on silica as the catalyst, under solvent-free conditions, gave similar products, and 3-unsubstituted 4(3//)-quinazolinones 893 could also be prepared using ammonium acetate as the amine source <2005TL7051>. 

RAW MATERIAL Tomah E-14-2 CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION Ethoxylated amine SOURCE Tomah... 

Primary amines were readily obtained in 60-83% yield after 15 min of microwave irradiation under solvent-free conditions, when using ammonium chloride as the amine source (R=H). When substituted amine hydrochlorides were used, the reaction failed under solvent-free conditions however, when performed in ethanol once more high yields were obtained (80-83%). In both cases, no traces of side-product formation were found. 

The Mannich reaction [18, 19] is a widely applied means of producing /i-amino carbonyl compounds starting from cheap and readily available substrates. In this reaction an aldehyde 20, an amine 21, and a ketone 22 react in a three-component-one-pot synthesis (Scheme 5.12, pathway 1). As a synthetic alternative, the reaction can also be performed as a nucleophilic addition of a C-nucleophile 22 to a preformed imine 24 which is prepared starting from the aldehyde and an amine source (Scheme 5.12, pathway 2). 

The enzyme mixture of 20 ml containing immobilized recombinant penicillin G amidase as the enzyme, 10% hydroxyethyl ester of 4-hydroxy-D-phenylglycine, 4% cefprozil (amine source), and 8% enzyme (immobilized recombinant penicillin G amidase, equivalent to 32 IU/ml of enzyme) was made up without buffer. The above prepared ester solution (6.9 ml) was mixed with water (2 ml) and adjusted to pH 7.5 with 10 N NH4OH. Then the amine source (0.8 g) was added to it and the pH adjusted to 7.5 with 1 N NH4OH and the volume to 18.4 ml. Then the mixture was cooled to 5-15°C and solid enzyme (1.6 g 640 IU) was added to it. The pH was not maintained at 7.5 and fell about 0.6 units during the reaction. The reaction mixture was analyzed by HPLC on a C18 Reverse Phase column. The mobile phase was 10% acetonitrile/0.3% H3P04. The isomers of cefprozil appeared at 2.9 minutes (cis) and at 5.1 minutes (trans). The final product was obtained with a maximum yield of 92-96%. The whole experiment was completed in 25-50 min. 

In planning a diversity-oriented synthetic panel of constitutionally and stereochemically diverse anomeric 4a-carbafuranosylamines, our research group remained faithful to the general plan delineated in Scheme 2 (vide supra), by utilizing the pyrrole-based dienoxy silane 76 as the pivotal amine source [7b,e]. 

Free radical reactions of purines with amines gave similar products to those produced in alcohol solution although deamination may also occur, probably at the post- rather than the pre-adduct stage. Whereas purine and n-propylamine afforded 6-n-propylpurine (71MI40907), adenine and caffeine produced both the 8-aminoalkyl and corresponding 9-alkyl derivatives (74MI40904). Also irradiation of 8-aminoalkylpurines in methanol furnished the 8-alkyl derivatives. Amino acids as an amine source are of special biochemical interest. They also tend to produce 8-alkylpurines by concomitant deamination and decarboxylation (69CC905). 

Use Reducing agent for over 60 different functional groups, especially for pharmaceutical, perfume, and fine organic chemicals converts esters, aldehydes, and ketones to alcohols and nitriles to amines source of hydrogen propellant catalyst in polymerizations. 

Use Formation of diazotizing compounds by reaction with primary aromatic amines, source of nitric oxide. 

Alternatively, the C-H bond next to the carbocation can be deprotonated (path Dg). This is common for secondary amine sources (NuH is R2NH), in acidic media, with removal of water to form enamines. 

Synonym Fluoren-2-amine Source Schmitt, W. J. Reid, R. C. 

Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the use of a G4 PAMAM dendrimer as a template for the formation of bimetallic (palladium/platinum) nanoparticles. Abbreviation PAMAM, polyamido-amine. Source From Ref. 107.

Solvent, 2.7 g toluene/g amine source of phosphorus, TPPTS, 0.33 mol/mol amine acid, sulfuric acid. 

Table III. Effect of Unsaturation and Amine Sources on the Degree of Cure at 3 J/sq-cm ...

Imidazole synthesis utilizing 2-aminopyridines as amine source... 

Recently, the Baran group discovered a mild abnormal Chichibabin pyridine synthesis using benzylammonium chloride as the amine source and Yb(OTf)3 as the catalyst to form pyridinium 173 instead of 174 in their... 

Adolfsson and coworkers sereened a series of (S)-ATarenesulfonyl-2-aminomethylpyrrolidines and determined that sulfonamide 3d was the optimal catalyst for the direct asymmetric a-amination of aldehydes with diethyl azodicarbojq late (DEAD) as the amine source. The products were isolated as AT-amino oxazolidinones with moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities, after NaBH4 reduction and subsequent cyclisation. The advantage of this method was the low catalyst loading (1 mol%) of the sulfonamide catalyst (Scheme 9.42). 

Chen and coworkers screened camphor sulfonamide-derived organocatalysts (3e,f) for the a-amination of aldehydes using dibenzyl azodicarbmgrlate as the amine source. Successive NaBH4 reduction afforded the desired a-aminated alcohols that were obtained in high chemical yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (Scheme 9.43). 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp, emits highly toxic fumes of NOx Uses Formation of diazotizing compds. by reaction with primary aromatic amines, source of nitric oxide... 

Remarkably, Beller s group developed several novel methodologies for the primary amides synthesis [135-139]. In the presence of palladium catalysts, aryl halides, phenyl triflates, benzyl chlorides and even phenols were transformed into the corresponding primary amides in good to excellent yields. Ammonia gas was used directly as an amine source and also as a base. These were the primary reports on using NH3 and CO for primary amides synthesis (Scheme 2.14). 

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