Ames test sensitivity

Toxicological properties Acute toxicity (by two routes of admission) Skin irritation Eye irritation Skin sensitization 28 days subacute toxicity Ames test In vitro metaphase analysis (or mouse micronucleus test)... 

Skin sensitization Ames test To determine the potential to induce skin sensitization reactions To evaluate potential mutagenic activity in a bacterial reverse mutation system with and without metabolic activation... 

The use of yeast cells as a eukaryotic complement to the Ames test led to the development of several protocols for the detection of mutation, gene conversion and recombination. The formal introduction of methods [23] followed by much development work from Zimmermarm s laboratory led to large systematic studies [24, 25] and OECD guidelines for the test battery (OECD 480, 481). However the assays are now rarely used, at least in part because of concerns over low sensitivity, thought to reflect limited permeability of the cell wall. 

Low-iemperature Ti02 film fabrication based on an understanding of tne electron transpor1 will also open up the possibility for further reduction in production costs. Study of the environmental aspects of dye-sensitized solar ceds revealed that DSC is a suitaole alternative for the electric generator because of its earth-friendliness.105) Based on a Life Cycle Assessment in ISO 14040 standard, carbon dioxiae emission of the cell is estimated to be 19-47 g C02/kWh, whicn is 1/10 that of the gas power plant (450 g C02/kWh). " oxicity of Dye 3 is negligible because of its negative Ames test.106 ... 

Since the respiration of bacterial cells is directly and immediately converted to an electric signal, the preliminary screening of mutagens is possible within 1 h. Moreover, the microbial sensor system employs a homogeneous suspension. Consequently, the sensitivity of the microbial sensor is higher than the "rec-assay". The minimum measurable mutagen concentration is 1.6 jg ml-1 by the microbial sensor and 5.0 /jg ml"1 by the "rec-assay" and 10 p.g ml"1 by the Ames test (26) for AF 2. 

The time is longer than that (1 h) of the micribial electrode system described above. The sensitivity of the microbial electrode system was higher than the convetional Ames test. The minimum measurable mutagen concentration was 0.001 jug ml- by the microbial electrode, and lOjug ml"1 by the Ames test for AF-2. 

In the Ames test the following Salmonella typhimurium strains were used TA 1535 and TA 100, which are sensitive to... 

Our experiments on the mutagenicity of these materials revealed that a water extract of the crumbs did not give a positive Ames test. On the other hand the ethanol extract after distillation produced reverted colonies in the range of the positive control (2-AF) with the most sensitive strains, but only without metabolic activation. The Maillard products responsible for mutations seemed to be metabolized in the living organism. In view of our experiments and the present international evaluation on heat-processed foods, the crumbs present no more detrimental risk to human health than other heat-processed foods, when consumed. 

Ellis HV, Hodgson JR, Hwang SW, et al. 1978. Mammalian toxicity of munitions compounds. Phase I Acute oral toxicity, primary skin and eye irritation, dermal sensitization, disposition and metabolism and Ames tests of additional compounds. NTIS/AD-A069 333. [Unpublished study to be peer-reviewed],... 

Succinic anhydride is extremely irritating to the eyes. It causes skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tract irritation. It may be a sensitizer. There is no evidence of carcinogenic activity in male or female rats given 50 or 100 mg/kg succinic anhydride (186) the Ames test is negative (187). LD q in rat 1510 mg/kg. There are no established exposure limits for ACGIH TLV or TWA. 

As an alternative to the much-used Ames test for mutagenicity, forward mutation to 8-azaguanine resistance is being used as a more positive, and equally sensitive, alternative to the usual reverse mutation to histidine utili-zation. ... 

The Ames test is a sensitive predictor of mutagenicity in mammals, but it should not be used in a vacuum. The Ames test should be used as part of a... 

For the simplicity of its manipulation, short life of bacteria in laboratory conditions, amenability, and sensitivity, the Ames test has been considered as an exceptionally well-suited model for genotoxicity screening, for the past 30-4 0 years. 

Strains for Ames test possess additional mutations, resulting in higher sensitivity to chemicals ... 

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