Amazon Fan

Ruttenberg K. C. and Goni M. A. (1997b) Depth trends in phosphorus distribution and C N P ratios of organic matter in Amazon Fan sediments indices of organic matter source and burial history. In Proc. Ocean Drilling Program. Sci. Res. (eds. R. D. Flood, D. J. W. Piper, A. Klaus, and L. C. Peterson), vol. 155, pp. 505-517. 

A second striking feature of the Amazon Fan sediments (gravity core GeoB 1514-6) is the occurrence of a pronounced maximum in magnetic susceptibility, located slightly above the zone of strong enrichment of iron sulfide minerals (Fig. 

Adler, M., Hensen, C., Kasten, S. and Schulz, H.D., 2000. Computer simulation of deep-sulfate reduction in sediments off the Amazon Fan. International Journal of Earth Sciences (Geol. Rdsch.), 88 619-629. 

Haberle, S.G. and Maslin, M.A., Late Quaternary vegetation and elimate ehange in the Amazon basin based on a 50,000 year pollen record from the Amazon fan, PDF site 932, Quat. Res., 51, 27, 1999. 

Hoorn, C., Palynology of the Pleistocene glacial/interglacial cycles of the Amazon fan (holes 940A, 944A, and 946A), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 155, 397, 1997. 

Schlunz B, Schneider RR, Muller PJ, Showers WJ, Wefer G (1999) Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation on the Amazon deep sea fan during the last glacial sea level low stand. Chem Geol 159 263-281... 

Fig. 3.6 Sulfate profile in pore water from sediments of the Amazon deep sea fan at a water depth of about 3500 m. A linear concentration gradient can be distinctly derived from the sediment surface down to a depth of about 5.4 m. The gradient change, and thus a change in the diffusive flux, is strongly limited to a depth interval of at the most 10 to 20 cm (after Schulz et al. 1994).

Kasten, S., Freudenthal, T., Gingele, F.X., von Dobeneck, T. and Schulz, H.D., 1998. Simultaneous formation of iron-rich layers at different redox boundaries in sediments of the Amazon Deep-Sea Fan. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 2253-2264. 

Farley and Patterson 1995). The envelope represents mixing with the two extreme cases of terrigeneous helium signatures analyzed to date sediments derived from old continental crast (e.g., North Atlantic ice-rafted debris with He/ " He = 6xlO , Marcantonio et al. 1998) and sediments from the Amazon River fan ( He/" He = 2xl0 , Marcantonio et al. 1998). 

Nesbitt H.W., MacRae N.D. and Kronberg B.I., 1990, Amazon deep-sea fan muds light REE enriched products of extreme chemical weathering., EartA Planet. Set. Lett., 100,... 

A centrifugal fan diverts about 3.5 per cent of the total smoke flow through the Amazone heat exchanger. Pressure drop across the exchanger is between 5 and 10 mm water gauge. 

Other vegetation types occur within the Cerrado Biome. Gallery forests occur along the rivers, and contain many species which also occur in the rain forests of the Amazon and the Atlantic coast of Brazil (Oliveira-Filho and Ratter, 1995). Wet campos, lacking trees, except the fan palm Mauritia flexuosa L.f., frequently occur between cerrados and gallery forest, where there is extreme fluctuation of the water table. In these areas, waterlogging in the wet season excludes woody cerrado species, while in the dry season the soils are too dry to support gallery forest species. Seasonally dry tropical forest occurs on areas of fertile soil, which are often associated with calcareous rocks (Ratter et al., 1978). 

Biomarker Carbon-Isotope Analyses. While a forest/non-forest carbon-isotope signature is readily identifiable in terrestrial environments, it is very difiScult to obtain complete, well dated fluvial sequences. Complete sedimentary sequences are readily available fi-om the submarine fan deposits which lie off the mouth of the Amazon River 82 but the analysis of bulk sediments fi om the marine environment is not appropriate because terrestrially-derived riverbome carbon in the sample rapidly becomes mbced with marine-derived carbon offshore fi om the river mouth. 

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