Aluminum complexes reactions with hydrocarbons

Treatment with aluminum chloride is one of the few chemical methods applied commercially to lubricants in the past 25 years. Aluminum chloride reacts with the undesirable sludge-forming hydrocarbons the complex reaction product is removed by settling. 

Semeluk and Bernstein (130) have shown that the rate of exchange between pure CDCI3 and CHBra is catalyzed by amines in the liquid phase. When all components are present in the gas phase, there is no catalysis by amines. The results are interpreted as indicating an ionic mechanism. Additional evidence pointing to an ionic mechanism in alkylation and isomerization reactions is furnished by the fact that, although aluminum halides do not form complexes directly with aromatic hydrocarbons (Kablulsom and Ssadanow, 131 Menschutkin, 132), conductance studies have shown the existence of ions on the addition of aluminum halide to aliphatic halides (Wertzporock and Kowalski, 133). Addition of aromatic hydrocarbons to the above solutions increases the conductivity (Wertzporock, 134). 

General Discussion. Addition of the title complex to farnesol (1) in THF at 0 °C and stirring of the suspension results in formation of the sulfate (2) (eq 1). Addition of lithium aluminum hydride in THF then gives the hydrocarbon (3) (eq 2) Other alcohols are converted similarly. Reaction with glucose gave glucose-6-sulfate (4) isolated as the barium salt (eq 3). Sulfonation of indole occurs on treatment with the reagent (eq 4). ... 

Many chlorinated hydrocarbons react readily with aluminum in the so-caHed bleeding reaction. A red aluminum chloride—chlorinated hydrocarbon complex is formed. Storage of uninhibited chlorinated solvents in aluminum vessels results in corrosion in a short period of time. Proprietary organic inhibitors permit commercial use of reactive solvents such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethylene for cleaning of aluminum. 

Although the ECL phenomenon is associated with many compounds, only four major chemical systems have so far been used for analytical purposes [9, 10], i.e., (1) the ECL of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous and nonaqueous media (2) methods based on the luminol reaction in an alkaline solution where the luminol can be electrochemically produced in the presence of the other ingredients of the CL reaction (3) methods based on the ECL reactions of rutheni-um(II) tra(2,2 -bipyridinc) complex, which is used as an ECL label for other non-ECL compounds such as tertiary amines or for the quantitation of persulfates and oxalate (this is the most interesting type of chemical system of the four) and (4) systems based on analytical properties of cathodic luminescence at an oxide-coated aluminum electrode. 

Sodium combines with hydrogen forming sodium hydride, NaH. The reaction is slow at ambient temperature but proceeds rapidly above 200°C when the metal is dispersed or spread over the surface of an inert solid (such as a hydrocarbon). Sodium and hydrogen react with aluminum powder to form sodium aluminum hydrides. Two such complex hydrides, the tetrahydride, NaAlH4, and the hexahydride, NasAlHe, are produced. The nature of the prod-... 

Several authors have studied the reaction products in the Lewis acid catalyzed decomposition of phenyl and alkyl azides.179-185 Hoegerlee and Butler have found that phenyl azide forms a hydrocarbon-soluble complex at —70° with triethylaluminum, diethylchloroaluminum, and ethyldichloro-aluminum. 1 Upon warming to room temperature, this complex slowly decomposes into an intermediate phenylimine-aluminum compound (25) which then rearranges into a variety of amidoalkylaluminum reaction products (RP) (eq 4). 

The development of mesoporous materials with more or less ordered and different connected pore systems has opened new access to large pore high surface area zeotype molecular sieves. These silicate materials could be attractive catalysts and catalyst supports provided that they are stable and can be modified with catalytic active sites [1]. The incorporation of aluminum into framework sites of the walls is necessary for the establishment of Bronsted acidity [2] which is an essential precondition for a variety of catalytic hydrocarbon reactions [3], Furthermore, ion exchange positions allow anchoring of cationic transition metal complexes and catalyst precursors which are attractive redox catalytic systems for fine chemicals [4]. The subject of this paper is the examination of the influence of calcination procedures, of soft hydrothermal treatment and of the Al content on the stability of the framework aluminum in substituted MCM-41. The impact on the Bronsted acidity is studied. 

A similar reaction scheme which accounts for the coordination mode of diene monomers was already suggested by Witte in 1981 [49]. Though DIBAH or TIBA are known as Lewis acids, in an anhydrous hydrocarbon environment aluminum alkyls can act as electron donors which are capable of coordinating to vacant Nd sites. This is evidenced as DIBAH forms oligomers [461]. Thus, DIBAH acts as an electron donor as well as an electron acceptor. In addition, complexes of aluminum alkyls with various Nd precursors were isolated and characterized, e.g. [184-186,234]. 

---