Alternate Sources of Information

Thus, it is the purpose of this chapter to present an outline of these process options. A detailed description of every process is beyond the scope of this chapter, and there are alternate sources of information that might be consulted, which also provide references for each process (Meyers, 1997 Hydrocarbon Processing, 1998). This chapter will discuss upgrading in terms of the type of technology and the chemistry involved. 

Since tests with lethal emissions on humans are not possible, accidental human deaths have always been an invaluable, alternative source of information for toxicologists. Parts of underground mines can often become totally enclosed just like gas chambers from the inevitable accidents, especially roof failures, which often occur there. Gasoline engines have generally been outlawed for underground applications because of their notorious, toxic exhaust, but the history of Diesels underground is quite different. 

Their publication, the American Rifleman isn t the only such newsstand publication. There is Gun Week and dozens of different magazines on guns and your rights concerning them. Yes, friend, there are alternative sources of information, and better, no further than your nearest newstand. 

The degree of clinical dependency is strongly influenced by the role that the HIT system plays in a particular clinical business process. The role itself is affected by the functionality provided, the maturity of its implementation and the clinician s ability to access alternative sources of information. Table 14.1 outlines the relationship between a system s influence on care delivery and its ability to affect clinical decision making. 

When it comes to finding alternative sources of information one should not forget that, in the majority of cases, there is a rich source of clinical data in the form of... 

When clinicians rely on systems without access to alternative sources of information this can result in a single point of failure for the delivery of safe cUiueal care. 

Technological development in and of itself will not solve the problems of people with disabilities. Technology advancements, however, will continue to provide more powerful tools allowing the exploration of new and innovative approaches to support users and professionals. As access to lower cost, more powerful computer systems increases, the availability of alternative sources of information, technical support and training is possible either through software or the internet Users and professionals will have increased opportunities to learn and exchange ideas and outcomes. 

One way to prepare for failures is to provide alternative sources of information and alternative means to check safety-critical information. It is also useful for the operators to get additional information the designers did not foresee would be needed in a particular situation. The emergency may have occurred because the designers made incorrect assumptions about the operation of the controlled system, the environment in which it would operate, or the information needs of the controller. 

In reference to point d), factors such as the availability of redundant information sources, sufficient time for operator evaluation of alternative sources of information, and whether the manual actions are the only sources of mitigation of the sequence of events shall be considered in categorizing FSE. If manual action is required to preserve NPP safety, the I C FSE that enables this action shall be assigned to category A. 

When the process being controlled involves redundant or diverse displays as a means of ascertaining information, the alternative sources of information should, to the extent practicable, be located and configured so that the operator can use both sources with minimum effort in arriving at conclusions, without jeopardizing the required independence of the information sources ... 

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