Alloy compositions, earlier studies

The work of Marsden et al (ref. 4) and later studies (refs. 7,8) were concerned with optimizing the alloy composition. The earlier research showed that high levels (10-20 wt %) of zinc in the precursor alloy were necessary to enable re-precipitation of Zn(0H>2 in the grains of porous copper which were produced by dissolving Al and Zn from the alloy. 

In an earlier study, Ducheyne and Hench fabricated composite materials with a bioactive glass (Bioglass ) matrix and stainless steel fibre reinforcement by an immersion technique [25]. Donald et al. have reported on the fabrication of glass and glass-ceramic matrix composites reinforced by stainless steel and Ni-based alloy filaments with diameters in the range 4 to 22 [jum [100, 101]. Glass-encapsulated metal filaments prepared by the Taylor-wire process were used for the fabrication of the composites [100]. 

Taking into account our earlier studies [6,7] on the optimization of the composition of the additives synthesized by us, a batch of petroleum soluble additives was composed on the basis of an oil component and the most effectve of them was found to be the composition containing F SA-SK-N-H PSA-SK-S-U PSA-SK-O-U = 10 50 40 referred to further as batch P-1. The denotations and the most important values for additives preparation have been published earlier [6]. With the selected batch of additives, the possibility to prepare operation-conserving lubricants of transmission and motor type was investigated. For this purpose, basic lubricant mixtures were taken from fractions of the corresponding class of viscosity and the batch P-1 was added to them The standard physicochemical and performance properties of the alloyed lubricants were then determined to estimate their performance quality. The results obtained from the analysis are presented in Table 1. 

Perepezko and coworkers have carried out an extensive series of measurements of nucleation in low-melting metal alloys, in most cases obtaining undercooling temperatures over a substantial range of compositions. In this way they have studied the alloy systems Sn-Pb, Cd-Pb, Sb-Pb 48.53-54 Cu-Pb, Pb-Bi,-" Sn-Bi,- 8 Ga-Bi, i Cd-Bi, Cd-Sb,-" and Cu-Te. Earlier work on the nucleation of alloys includes that of Cech and Turnbull on Cu-Ni and of Cech on Fe-Ni. These different studies encompass eutectic, peritectic, and monotectic binary crystallization and provide a rich variety of data for interpretation. 

Armco Steel Corporation conducted comparison tests on two ferritic nickel alloy steels produced in the U. S. for cryogenic service and one USSR Fe-Cr-Mn austenitic stainless steel. These studies included base plate and weldment composition, microstructure, strength, and fracture toughness. Detailed results were reported at a Soviet-American seminar [ ]. This paper summarizes these earlier publications. 

The above analysis assumes unit activity for pure Pd. In a Ag-Pd alloy, the activity of Pd will be reduced and the temperature for Pd oxidation wUl depend on Pd content. Rapid cooling of the composition during firing can reduce the amount of PdO formation by reducing the oxidation kinetics. As discussed earlier, Ag-Pd formulations can utilize either prealloyed powders or individual constituents that can alloy in situ. Palladium oxidation can inhibit the solid solution process as illustrated by Vest, where 80% Ag-20% Pd (by weight) did not completely form a solid solution even after 24 h at 850°C. In this study, an... 

From a detailed experimental study of Ho,Eri B5 alloys Imperato (1976) confirmed the nonexistence of ErBs , reported by earlier investigators (see table 9). For experimental details and methods, see Er-Ca-B. Samples with a nominal composition of x = 0.75 were reported to mainly consist of (Ho, Er)B4 and (Ho, Er)Bi2 a hexaboride pattern was claimed to be very weak and diffuse . See Ho-La-B for the instability of a HoB phase. 

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